Table 1.
Demographic data of the included studies.
| Author (Year) | Type of Study | LOE | Study Group | Control Group | Joint/s | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Age | Sex | BMI | n | Age | Sex | BMI | ||||
| Arnold et al. (2010) [42] | RCT | I | Aquatic and education: 28 | 73.2 y | 71.4% F, 28.6% M | 29.2 | 25 | 75.8 y | 64% F, 36% M | 30 | hip OA |
| Aquatic: 26 | 74.4 y | 77% F, 23% M | 30.4 | ||||||||
| Bearne et al. (2011) [43] | RCT | I | 24 | 65 y | 62.5% F, 37.5% M | 27.3 | 24 | 67 y | 79% F, 21% M | 26.9 | hip OA |
| Bezalel et al. (2010) [44] | RCT | I | 25 | 73.8 y | 68% F, 32% M | / | 25 | 73.7 y | 80% F, 20% M | / | knee OA |
| Brismee et al. (2007) [31] | RCT | I | 22 | 70.8 y | 86.4% F, 13.6% M | 28 | 19 | 68.8 y | 78.9% F, 21.1% M | 27.7 | knee OA |
| Casilda-López et al. ( 2017) [40] | RCT | I | 17 | 65.62 y | 100% F | 31.69 | 17 | 66 y | 100% F | 33.65 | knee OA |
| Cheung et al. (2014) [34] | RCT | I | 18 | 71.9 y | 100% F | 29.1 | 18 | 71.9 y | 100% F | 28.8 | knee OA |
| Cheung et al. (2016) [35] | RCT | I | Yog: 32 | 68.9 y | / | 29.8 | 23 | 71.8 y | / | 27.8 | knee OA |
| Exercises: 28 | 74.4 y | / | 29.2 | ||||||||
| Doi et al. (2008) [46] | RCT | I | 63 | 67.4 y | 76% F, 24% M | 24.8 | 58 | 71.2 y | 72% F, 28% M | 24.3 | knee OA |
| Foley et al. (2003) [37] | RCT | I | Aquatic: 35 | 73 y | 43% F, 57% M | / | 35 | 6.8 y | 57% F, 43% M | / | hip and knee OA |
| Land-based: 35 | 69.8 y | 49% F, 51% M | / | ||||||||
| Fransen et al. (2007) [30] | RCT | I | Aquatic: 55 | 70 y | 73% F, 27% M | 30 | 41 | 69.6 y | 83% F, 17% M | 30.7 | hip and knee OA |
| Tai chi: 56 | 70.8 y | 68% F, 32% M | 29.6 | ||||||||
| Hale et al. (2012) [39] | RCT | I | 23 | 73.6 y | 74% F, 26% M | / | 16 | 75.7 y | 75% F, 25% M | / | hip and knee OA |
| Huang et al. (2017) [45] | RCT | I | 128 | 68.07 y | 79% F, 21% M | 24.11 | 122 | 67.42 y | 80% F, 20% M | 25.01 | knee OA |
| Hurley et al. (2007) [48] | RCT | I | Individual rehabilitation: 146 | 66 y | 71% F, 29% M | 30 | 140 | 67 y | 68.5% F, 31.5% M | 30.3 | knee OA |
| Group rehabilitation: 132 | 68 y | 71% F, 29% M | 30.18 | ||||||||
| Lee et al. (2009) [32] | RCT | I | 29 | 70.2 y | 93.1% F, 6.9% M | 26 | 15 | 66.9 y | 93.3% F, 6.7% M | 26 | knee OA |
| Lund et al. (2008) [38] | RCT | I | Aquatic: 27 | 65 y | 83% F, 17% M | 27.4 | 27 | 70 y | 66% F, 34% M | 26.1 | knee OA |
| Land-based: 25 | 68 y | 88% F, 12% M | 23.7 | ||||||||
| Marconcin et al. (2017) [47] | RCT | I | 35 | 70.3 y | 80% F, 20% M | 32.3 | 32 | 67.8 y | 59.4% F, 40.6% M | 30.1 | knee OA |
| Taglietti et al. (2018) [41] | RCT | I | 31 | 67.3 y | 74.2% F, 25.8% M | 29.2 | 29 | 68.7 y | 62.1% F, 37.9% M | 30.4 | knee OA |
| Takacs et al. (2017) [49] | RCT | I | 20 | 66,1 y | 95% F, 5% M | 28.5 | 20 | 67.1 y | 65% F, 35% M | 28.9 | knee OA |
| Tsai et al. (2013) [33] | RCT | I | 28 | 78.89 y | 78.6% F, 21.4% M | / | 27 | 78.93 y | 66.7% F, 33.3% M | / | knee OA |
| Wang et al. (2011) [36] | RCT | I | Aquatic: 26 | 66.7 y | 84.6% F, 15.4% M | / | 26 | 67.9 y | 84.6% F, 15.4% M | / | knee OA |
| Land-based: 26 | 68.3 y | 88.5% F, 11.5% M | / | ||||||||
| An et al. (2013) [50] | CS | IV | 22 | 66 y | 86% F, 14% M | 25 | / | knee OA | |||
| Bove et al. (2017) [29] | CS | IV | 7 | 66 y | 71.5% F, 28.5% M | 30.5 | / | knee OA | |||
RCT: Randomized Clinical Trial; CS: Case Series; LOE: Levels of Evidence; BMI: Body Mass Index; OA: Osteoarthritis; n: Number of participants; y: years; F: female; M: male.