Figure 1.

(A) An illustration of the acoustic head-shadow and the principle of time-delay between the two ears, dependent on the sound source. (B) Right and left temporal signals arriving from a right-leading sound source location. The ILD and ITD are illustrated on the amplitude and temporal domains, respectively. (C) The frequency and azimuth dependencies of the head and pinnae filter are shown. As the sound source moves from the hearing side (positive azimuth angles) to the deaf side (negative azimuth angles), the acoustic barrier created by the head attenuates high frequency signals contralateral to the source. Pinna gains are also observed for some frequencies at the ear ipsilateral to the source. (D) An illustration of the monaural spectral-pinnae cues as a function of the vertical position (elevation) of the sound source. The black arrows indicate the position-dependent frequency notch.