Table 1.

List of organs involved in sarcoidosis.

Organ Involvement	Prevalence of Organ Involvement	Manifestations	References
Lung involvement	more than 90% (With hilar and mediastinal lymph node)	Dry cough, wheezing, dysponea, fatigue Acute: Pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, pneumothorax, and lymph-node Chronic: lung fibrosis and respiratory failure	[80,81,82]
Lymph node involvement	20% of patients	Peripheral lymphadenopathy, affected lymph nodes are moderately swollen, and are usually not painful.	[83,84,85]
Endocrine and exocrine involvement	Thyroid glands and parotid glands are usually affected in 20%–50% of cases	Thyroid dysfunction (5%), Parotid enlargement (5%–10%), hypothalamic-pituitary effects (for example, diabetes insipidus),	[86,87]
Skin involvement	20%–30% of patients	Erythema nodosum (most common), profuse sweating, nodules, papules and plaques.	[88,89]
Eye involvement	more than 40% of patients	pain, photophobia, and hyperaemia, sometimes associated with the Löfgren syndrome	[90,91,92]
Bone involvement	1%–13% of patients	Osteoporosis and osteopenia are common, Nodular lesions, cystic lesions involving the joints, arthritis and arthralgia	[93,94,95]
Upper respiratory tract	In most patients with systemic sarcoidosis	Larynx, nasopharynx and nose are affected	[96,97,98]
Renal involvement	5%	Renal calculi, nephrocalcinosis, interstitial nephritis, and kidney failure	[99,100]
Cardiac involvement	20%–27% of sarcoidosis	Heart failure, arrhythmias, syncope	[101,102]
Neurological involvement or neurosarcoidosis	less than 10% of patients	Facial palsy, Meningeal inflammation, encephalopathy, vasculopathy, seizures, hydrocephalus, and mass lesions	[103,104]
Liver and spleen involvement	18%	Hepatosplenomegaly, intrahepatic cholestasis, and portal hypertension and altered liver function	[105,106,107]