Table 1.
Mean baseline concentrations of blood glucose, plasma insulin, ghrelin, cholecystokinin (CCK), and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), perceptions of appetite, and gastrointestinal symptoms in younger and older men across the 4 study days
| Baseline Values | Younger Men (n = 13) | Older Men (n = 13) |
Age Effect (p value) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Blood glucose (mmol/L) | 5.3 ± 0.1 | 5.7 ± 0.1 | 0.003 |
| Plasma insulin (mU/L) | 4.9 ± 1 | 5.2 ± 2 | 0.93 |
| Plasma ghrelin (pg/mL) | 1779 ± 236 | 1659 ± 165 | 0.67 |
| Plasma CCK (pmol/L) | 1.3 ± 0.1 | 2.0 ± 0.2 | 0.008 |
| Plasma GLP-1 (pmol/L) | 20 ± 2 | 15 ± 1 | 0.017 |
| Hunger (mm) | 46 ± 10 | 31 ± 13 | 0.34 |
| Desire to eat (mm) | 50 ± 6 | 30 ± 12 | 0.26 |
| Prospective food consumption (mm) | 56 ± 6 | 46 ± 14 | 0.73 |
| Fullness (mm) | 4 ± 1 | 2 ± 1 | 0.76 |
| Nausea (mm) | 6 ± 2 | 3 ± 1 | 0.08 |
| Bloating (mm) | 6 ± 2 | 3 ± 1 | 0.09 |
| Gastric volume (mL) | 37 ± 3 | 33 ± 4 | 0.31 |
Baseline values (mean of 4 study days, mean ± SEM) of blood glucose (mmol/L), and plasma insulin, ghrelin, CCK and GLP-1 concentrations, and perceptions of hunger (mm), desire to eat (mm), prospective food consumption (mm), fullness (mm), nausea (mm) and bloating (mm), and gastric volume (mL) in younger (n = 13) and older (n = 13) healthy men. The effect of age was assessed using an independent t-test.