Table 4.
Measures of broadband ultrasound attenuation, velocity of sound and fat free mass by quintile of Mediterranean Diet Score in 14,815 men and women aged 42–82 years, stratified by sex 1.
| Sex | Quintile | BUA (dB/MHz) | VOS (m/s) | FFMBMI (kg/(kg/m2)) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = | Mean (95% CI) | n = | Mean (95% CI) | n = | Mean (95% CI) | ||
| All | Q1 | 1872 | 79.1 (78.4,79.8) | 1872 | 1632 (1630,1633) | 1852 | 1.88 (1.87,1.89) |
| Q2 | 2669 | 79.8 (79.2,80.4) | 2669 | 1634 (1632,1635) | 2668 | 1.89 (1.88,1.90) | |
| Q3 | 3468 | 79.9 (79.3,80.4) | 3468 | 1633 (1632,1635) | 3446 | 1.90 (1.89,1.90) | |
| Q4 | 3350 | 80.1 (79.5,80.6) | 3350 | 1634 (1633,1635) | 3314 | 1.89 (1.88,1.90) | |
| Q5 | 3456 | 80.5 (79.9,81.0) | 3456 | 1634 (1633,1636) | 3440 | 1.91 (1.90,1.92) | |
| Q5–Q1 | 1.35 (0.45, 2.25) | 2.57 (0.41, 4.73) | 0.03 (0.01, 0.04) | ||||
| p = | <0.01 | 0.05 | <0.01 | ||||
| Men | Q1 | 754 | 88.9 (87.6,90.1) | 754 | 1643 (1640,1646) | 749 | 2.31 (2.29,2.33) |
| Q2 | 1122 | 90.1 (89.0,91.1) | 1122 | 1646 (1643,1648) | 1123 | 2.31 (2.29,2.32) | |
| Q3 | 1511 | 90.4 (89.5,91.2) | 1511 | 1646 (1644,1648) | 1497 | 2.32 (2.30,2.33) | |
| Q4 | 1504 | 89.6 (88.8,90.5) | 1504 | 1644 (1642,1646) | 1486 | 2.32 (2.31,2.33) | |
| Q5 | 1599 | 90.7 (89.9,91.6) | 1599 | 1647 (1645,1649) | 1591 | 2.33 (2.32,2.34) | |
| Q5–Q1 | 1.85 (0.33, 3.37) | 3.95 (0.50, 7.40) | 0.02 (0.00, 0.05) | ||||
| p = | 0.08 | 0.14 | 0.02 | ||||
| Women | Q1 | 1118 | 71.6 (70.8,72.4) | 1118 | 1623 (1621,1625) | 1103 | 1.55 (1.53,1.56) |
| Q2 | 1547 | 71.8 (71.1,72.5) | 1547 | 1625 (1623,1627) | 1545 | 1.56 (1.54,1.57) | |
| Q3 | 1957 | 71.6 (71.0,72.2) | 1957 | 1624 (1622,1625) | 1949 | 1.57 (1.56,1.58) | |
| Q4 | 1846 | 72.6 (72.0,73.3) | 1846 | 1626 (1625,1628) | 1828 | 1.56 (1.55,1.57) | |
| Q5 | 1857 | 72.5 (71.8,73.1) | 1857 | 1624 (1623,1626) | 1849 | 1.58 (1.57,1.59) | |
| Q5–Q1 | 0.87 (−0.20, 1.93) | 1.34 (−1.35, 4.04) | 0.03 (0.01, 0.05) | ||||
| p = | 0.02 | 0.21 | <0.01 | ||||
1 Values are adjusted means (95% CI), n = 14,815. Means were adjusted for sex, age, BMI, smoking, physical activity, family history of osteoporosis, calcium intakes, supplement use (vitamin D or calcium), medication use (corticosteroids, aspirin or hormone replacement therapy), menopausal status, days of dietary intake data and the ratio of energy intake to estimated energy requirements. BMI was not included in the FFMBMI model. p values are for trends calculated using ANCOVA. Range of MDS in each quintile was Q1 = 0 to 2 points, Q2 = 3 points. Q3 = 4 points, Q4 = 5 points, Q5 = 6 to 9 points. BUA = broadband ultrasound attenuation; VOS = velocity of sound; FFMBMI = fat free mass adjusted for BMI.