Table 3.
Muscle morphology for the vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, and bicep brachii at pre and post four week intervention.
| Muscle | TRF Pre | TRF Post | ND Pre | ND Post | p-Value | ηp2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VL CSA (cm 2 ) | 31.0 ± 7.8 | 33.7 ± 5.3 | 36.0 ± 7.3 | 37.5 ± 5.3 | 0.002* | 0.329 |
| VL MT (cm) | 1.8 ± 0.4 | 2.0 ± 0.4 | 2.1 ± 0.4 | 2.2 ± 0.4 | 0.065 | 0.135 |
| VL EI (AU) | 57.4 ± 12.8 | 53.1 ± 12.4 | 49.2 ± 8.1 | 46.6 ± 7.4 | 0.001* | 0.368 |
| RF CSA (cm 2 ) | 12.6 ± 2.4 | 12.7 ± 2.1 | 14.6 ± 4.3 | 15.0 ± 4.5 | 0.228 | 0.060 |
| RF MT (cm) | 2.39 ± 0.4 | 2.35 ± 0.4 | 2.71 ± 0.5 | 2.70 ± 0.5 | 0.462 | 0.023 |
| RF EI (AU) | 63.8 ± 16.7 | 63.8 ± 18.2 | 58.2 ± 12 | 55.3 ± 13.8 | 0.182 | 0.073 |
| BB CSA (cm 2 ) | 11.9 ± 2.2 | 12.7 ± 1.9 | 12.6 ± 2.1 | 13.3 ± 2.5 | 0.013* | 0.229 |
| BB MT (cm) | 2.3 ± 0.4 | 2.6 ± 0.2 | 2.3 ± 0.4 | 2.6 ± 0.3 | <0.001* | 0.534 |
| BB EI (AU) | 93.3 ± 12.4 | 88.1 ± 11.9 | 88.2 ± 13.6 | 87.9 ± 7.3 | 0.177 | 0.074 |
Results are presented as mean ± SD; VL = Vastus Lateralis; RF = Rectus Femoris; BB = Bicep Brachii; CSA = Cross Sectional Area; MT = Muscle Thickness; EI = Echo Intensity; cm = centimeters; AU = Arbitrary Units; * signifies p < 0.05 for main effect for time.