Table 3.
Key GLP-1RA RCTs with kidney endpoints.
| Drugs | Trials | % n eGFR < 60 | Composite Kidney Endpoint | Results | Individual Kidney Endpoint | Result HR (95% CI; p) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lixisenatide [45] | ELIXA | 23 | NA | NA | New onset macroalbuminuria | 0.808 (0.660–0.991; p = 0.0404) |
| Exenatide [46] | EXSCEL | 17 | 40% reduction in eGFR loss, onset of dialysis or transplantation, renal death and onset of macroalbuminuria | 0.85 (0.73–0.98; p = 0.027) | None | Neutral |
| Liraglutide [19,47] | LEADER | 23 | New onset macroalbuminuria, sustained serum creatinine duplication, initiation of renal replacement therapy or renal death | 0.78 (0.67–0.92; p = 0.003) | New onset macroalbuminuria | 0.74 (0.37–0.77; p = 0.001) |
| Semaglutide [20] (sc) | SUSTAIN-6 | 28.5 | New onset macroalbuminuria, doubling serum creatinine reaching an eGFR <45 mL/min/1.73 m2, initiation of renal replacement therapy or renal death | 0.64 (0.46–0.88; p = 0.005) | Persistent macroalbuminuria | 0.54 (0.60–0.91; p = 0.004) |
| Albiglutide [48] | HARMONY | 11 | UK | UK | UK | UK |
| Dulaglutide [28] | REWIND | 22 | New onset macroalbuminuria, sustained decreased of eGFR <30% or the initiation of renal replacement therapy | 0.85 (0.77–0.93, p = 0.0004) | New onset macroalbuminuria; Sustained decline in eGFR of ≥40%; Sustained decline in eGFR of ≥50% |
0.77 (0.68–0.87; p < 0.0001); 0.70 (0.57–0.85; p = 0.0004); 0.74 (0.66–0.84; p < 0.0001) |
| Semaglutide [49] (oral) | PIONEER-6 | 27 | UK | UK | UK | UK |
| Exenatide [22] | FREEDOM-CVO | UK | UK | UK | UK | UK |
NA, not apply; SC; subcutaneous; UK, unknown; RCTs: randomized clinical trial.