Table 1.
Energy Intake in Nurses Working 2-Night or 3-Night Consecutive Nightshifts Compared to Non-Nightshifts.
| Dietary Intake Nights vs. Non-Nights | Nightshifts | Non-Nightshifts | p Value | |
| Total daily energy, kcal | 1566.5 ± 557.2 | 1551.1 ± 327.4 | 0.919 | |
| Morning energy 07:00–12:00 h, kcal | 246.8 ± 123.7 | 305.9 ± 94.7 | 0.053 | |
| Morning energy, % TDEI | 15.8 ± 9.0 | 19.7 ± 4.6 | 0.034 | |
| Afternoon energy 12:00–17:00 h, kcal | 443.4 ± 230.4 | 478.6 ± 159.4 | 0.538 | |
| Afternoon energy, % TDEI | 28.3 ± 13.5 | 30.5 ± 6.9 | 0.844 | |
| Evening energy 17:00–21:00 h, kcal | 588.7 ± 203.7 | 719.3 ± 156.9 | 0.055 | |
| Evening energy, % TDEI | 38.8% ± 11.9% | 46.4% ± 7.5% | 0.044 * | |
| Nightshift energy 21:00–07:00 h, kcal | 466.5 ± 419.1 | 126.8 ± 102.0 | 0.001 * | |
| Nightshift energy 21:00–07:00 h, % TDEI | 29.8% ± 5.1% | 8.2% ± 5.2% | 0.0001 * | |
| 2-Night Group Dietary Intake Over Nightshifts | Night 1 | Night 2 | p value | |
| 2-Night Group (n = 8) energy, kcal | 591.5 ± 497.4 | 734.8 ± 692.0 | 0.276 | |
| 2-Night Group (n = 8) energy, %TDEI | 27.3% ± 16.5% | 42.3% ± 18.2% | 0.037 * | |
| All Group (n = 20) 2-Night energy, kcals | 440.5 ± 373.3 | 483.4 ± 487.0 | 0.138 | |
| All Group (n = 20) 2-Night energy, %TDEI | 26.0% ± 15.7% | 33.5% ± 20.2% | 0.008 * | |
| All Group (n = 20) 2-Night CHO, kcal | 212.8 ± 177.6 | 264.1 ± 228.6 | 0.188 | |
| All Group (n = 20) 2-Night CHO, %CHO energy | 25.4% ± 16.6% | 38.1% ± 30.2% | 0.070 | |
| All Group (n = 20) 2-Night FAT, kcal | 169.2 ± 160.0 | 157.6 ± 200.1 | 0.686 | |
| All Group (n = 20) 2-Night FAT, %FAT energy | 23.7% ± 17.2% | 31.7% ± 29.3% | 0.149 | |
| All Group (n = 20) 2-Night PRO, kcal | 57.6 ± 51.1 | 65.4 ± 69.5 | 0.455 | |
| All Group (n = 20) 2-Night PRO, %PRO energy | 20.5% ± 17.2% | 28.9% ± 23.8% | 0.126 | |
| 3-Night Group Dietary Intake Over Nightshifts | Night 1 | Night 2 | Night 3 | p value |
| 3-Night Group (n = 12) energy, kcal | 326.0 ± 280.9 | 383.7 ± 294.6 | 338.7 ± 350.4 | 0.0001 **/0.549 |
| 3-Night Group (n = 12) energy, %TDEI | 21.0% ± 16.1% | 28.2% ± 18.3% | 25.7% ± 23.8% | 0.004 **/0.224 |
| 3-Night Group (n = 12) CHO, kcal | 175.5 ± 148.2 | 226.2 ± 147.5 | 161.4 ± 127.6 | 0.001 **/0.236 |
| 3-Night Group (n = 12) CHO, %CHO energy | 22.5% ± 16.4% | 36.8% ± 34.6% | 28.1% ± 28.0% | 0.002 **/0.204 |
| 3-Night Group (n = 12) FAT, kcal | 118.8 ± 119.4 | 113.3 ± 112.9 | 74.5 ± 68.9 | 0.014 **/0.380 |
| 3-Night Group (n = 12) FAT, %FAT energy | 20.0% ± 17.4% | 27.5% ± 31.0% | 15.8% ± 15.0% | 0.008 **/0.246 |
| 3-Night Group (n = 12) PRO, kcal | 44.5 ± 39.3 | 50.3 ± 33.6 | 34.6 ± 30.3 | 0.024 **/0.390 |
| 3-Night Group (n = 12) PRO, %PRO energy | 19.5% ± 19.2% | 24.4% ± 14.3% | 18.2% ± 19.6% | 0.040 **/0.557 |
* Denotes statistical significance. ** Denotes p-value for within-participant significance. Kcal = kilocalories; TDEI = total daily energy intake; CHO = carbohydrates; FAT = dietary fat; PRO = protein; % = proportion of total daily energy as a percentage; 2-Night Group = nurses working only two consecutive nights; 3-Night Group = nurses working three consecutive nights; All Group 2-Night = all nurses analysed for differences between Night 1 and Night 2 (excluding Night 3 from the 3-Night Group).