. 2020 Apr 13;12(4):1071. doi: 10.3390/nu12041071

Table 3.

Effects of apple polyphenol (AP) on pigmentation induced by UV irradiation.

Parameters	Groups	Intervention Period (Weeks since UV-Irradiation)
Parameters	Groups	0	1	2	3	4	6	10
Erythema value	Placebo	175.6 ± 34.4	252.0 ± 40.3 **	237.3 ± 36.9 **	219.5 ± 34.7 **	222.5 ± 38.5 **	212.8 ± 31.9 *	187.6 ± 35.4
	Low AP	182.4 ± 32.0	225.5 ± 34.4 **	222.5 ± 31.9 **	224.0 ± 40.0 **	215.9 ± 41.5 *	196.6 ± 31.8	184.0 ± 26.6
	High AP	179.5 ± 51.0	228.7 ± 43.5 **	225.0 ± 52.5 **	204.6 ± 40.0	206.1 ± 36.6	193.4 ± 42.8	176.2 ± 40.3
Melanin value	Placebo	149.0 ± 33.3	192.2 ± 36.5 **	196.4 ± 38.4 **	194.7 ± 37.4 **	192.9 ± 36.8 **	189.9 ± 35.8 **	175.7 ± 32.1
	Low AP	163.8 ± 29.5	194.9 ± 27.3 *	194.9 ± 28.2 *	193.0 ± 27.2 *	190.0 ± 28.5 *	189.2 ± 28.7	174.5 ± 23.3
	High AP	159.1 ± 36.6	188.6 ± 33.6 *	191.1 ± 33.7 **	187.4 ± 31.7	184.3 ± 33.5	181.6 ± 33.2	172.5 ± 31.0
L value	Placebo	64.4 ± 2.4	59.3 ± 2.7 **	60.0 ± 2.1 **	60.4 ± 2.0 **	60.6 ± 2.5 **	61.2 ± 2.1 **	62.5 ± 2.1
	Low AP	64.4 ± 1.9	60.8 ± 2.4 **	61.2 ± 2.1 **	61.5 ± 1.8 **	61.6 ± 1.8 **	62.3 ± 1.6 *	63.2 ± 1.9
	High AP	64.4 ± 2.7	60.4 ± 2.0 **	61.0 ± 2.5 **	61.1 ± 2.1 **	61.2 ± 2.0 **	61.9 ± 2.2 **	62.9 ± 2.2 **

Values are means ± standard deviation. Significant differences within the groups were determined using repeated-measures of two-way ANOVA followed by the Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test (** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05).