Table 1.

Comparison of Previous Cadmium whole-cell biosensors.

Author	Detector/Reporter	Limit of Detection	Incubation Time	Instrument Used
Our Work [25]	zntA-gfp	44.8 ppb	2–3 h	Custom Detection Platform
Gireesh et al. [24]	zntR-zntA(E. coli)-gfp	0.005 ppm	16 h	Fluorescence Plate Reader
Hurdebise et al. [28]	zntA-gfp	660 ppb	3 h	Flow cytometer
Kang et al. [29]	zntA-gfp	112.4 ppb	2 h	Fluorescence microscopy