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The schematic of a nozzle array integrated with electrokinetic pumps for cell manipulation. (a) Suction and trap of single cells in an array format with nozzles. (b) Ejection and release of the cells from the nozzles. (c) Schematic view of 4 × 4 nozzles integrated with pumps. One of the electrodes (green) is connected to a signal voltage (DC-biased AC voltage) and the other electrode (red) is connected to the ground.
