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. 2020 Apr 10;12(4):1059. doi: 10.3390/nu12041059

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Changes in mRNA expression of genes that are involved or impact insulin signaling in skeletal muscle. RNA was extracted, cDNA synthesized, and gene expression determined by qPCR. The threshold cycle (Cq) values for each gene and that of β-actin as reference gene were used to calculate gene expression by calculating 2^-ΔΔ^CT. (A) Genes involved in adipose tissue adipogenesis. (B) Genes involved in adipose tissue lipogenesis. (C) Markers of inflammation in adipose tissue. (D) Genes involved in fatty acid oxidation in adipose tissue (E) Gene expression in Liver. (F) Gene expression in Skeletal muscle. ^{a, b, c} Different letter indicate a significant difference among treatments (p < 0.05; n = 3).