Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Variables | All (n=134) | PTR (n=67) | PR (n=67) |
| Female sex, n (%) | 74 (55) | 35 (52) | 39 (58) |
| Age, year | 68.3 (9.0) | 68.4 (8.7) | 68.2 (9.4) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 25.7 (5.8) | 25.5 (5.0) | 25.9 (6.4) |
| FEV1, % predicted | 33.1 (9.4) | 32.6 (10.3) | 33.7 (8.4) |
| FEV1/FVC, % | 43.3 (11.2) | 43.9 (11.3) | 42.7 (11.1) |
| GOLD I/II/III/IV, % | 0/0/61/39 | 0/0/55/45 | 0/0/67/33 |
| A/B/C/D, % | 2/34/4/60 | 5/34/3/58 | 0/33/4/63 |
| LTOT, n (%) | 20 (15) | 11 (16) | 9 (13) |
| SpO2 at rest, % | 94.6 (2.8) | 94.6 (2.4) | 94.8 (3.1) |
| MRC 1/2/3/4/5, n | 0/2/65/50/17 | 0/2/30/27/8 | 0/0/35/23/9 |
| Smoking status, n (%) | |||
| Never | 3 (2) | 2 (3) | 1 (1) |
| Former | 99 (75) | 51 (79) | 48 (72) |
| Current | 30 (23) | 12 (18) | 18 (27) |
| Pack-year history, mean (SD) | 43.5 (20.2) | 42.4 (23.1) | 44.5 (17.3) |
| BODE index points, median (IQR) | 5.0 (4–6) | 5.0 (4–7) | 5.0 (4–6) |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index 1/2/≥3, (%) | 40/37/23 | 45/40/15 | 34/33/33 |
| Exacerbations, previous 12 month, (median, IQR) | 2 (0–3) | 2 (0–4) | 2 (1–3) |
| Current medication, n (%) | |||
| SABA | 112 (84) | 56 (84) | 56 (84) |
| SABA + SAMA | 11 (8) | 6 (9) | 5 (7) |
| LABA | 2 (1) | 1 (1) | 1 (1) |
| LAMA | 3 (2) | 2 (3) | 1 (1) |
| LABA + LAMA | 24 (18) | 12 (18) | 12 (18) |
| LABA + ICS | 8 (6) | 5 (7) | 3 (5) |
| LABA + LAMA + ICS | 93 (69) | 45 (67) | 48 (71) |
| Oral steroids | 2 (1) | 2 (3) | 0 (0) |
| Walking aid, walker/other, n (%) | 27/18 (34) | 14/9 (34) | 13/9 (33) |
| Highest 6MWD, metre | 327.3 (102.8) | 322.3 (108.3) | 332.3 (97.5) |
| Highest 30sec-STS, repetitions | 9.8 (4.3) | 9.9 (4.7) | 9.6 (3.8) |
| Physical activity level* | |||
| Daily step count, steps | 3091 (2161) | 2779 (1966) | 3422 (2335) |
| Time sedentary, min | 1205 (133) | 1244 (121) | 1164 (134) |
| Time active, min | 235 (133) | 196 (121) | 276 (134) |
| CAT, score | 20.1 (7.0) | 19.8 (7.3) | 20.4 (6.6) |
| HADS, score | |||
| HADS-anxiety | 6.3 (3.5) | 6.8 (3.8) | 5.9 (3.1) |
| HADS-depression | 4.3 (3.0) | 4.5 (2.) | 4.1 (3.1) |
| EQ-5D, VAS score | 52.7 (19.2) | 51.5 (19.4) | 53.9 (19.1) |
| EQ-5D, index score | 0.68 (0.16) | 0.66 (0.20) | 0.70 (0.12) |
| CCQ, score | |||
| Symptoms | 2.9 (1.2) | 2.8 (1.2) | 3.0 (1.2) |
| Functional | 2.9 (1.2) | 2.8 (1.1) | 3.0 (1.3) |
| Mental | 2.8 (1.4) | 2.8 (1.5) | 2.9 (1.4) |
| Total | 2.8 (0.9) | 2.7 (0.9) | 2.9 (1.0) |
Data are presented as mean (SD) except where otherwise indicated.
*ActivePAL triaxial accelerometer worn by in total 73 patients (PTR/PR: 37/36). Any statistically significant difference between PTR and PR denoted *p<0.05.
A/B/C/D, risk stratification, airflow obstruction, dyspnea and exercise capacity; BODE index, body mass index; CAT, COPD Assessment Test; CCQ, Clinical COPD Questionnaire; EQ-5D, Euro-Qol 5-dimension; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in the first second; FVC, forced vital capacity; GOLD, Global initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Score; ICS, inhaled corticosteroid; LABA, long-acting β2-agonist; LAMA, long-acting muscarinic antagonist; LTOT, long-term oxygen therapy; MRC, Medical Research Council; 6MWD, 6 min walk distance; PR, pulmonary rehabilitation; PTR, pulmonary tele-rehabilitation; SABA, short-action β2-agonist; SAMA, short-acting muscarinic antagonist; 30-sec STS, 30 s sit-to-stand test; SpO2, arterial oxygen saturation as measured by pulse oximetry; VAS, Visual Analogue Scale.