Table 1.
Overview of study characteristics1 (n = 58)
| Source (country of origin) | Exclusion criteria | Cognitive paradigm | Cognitive domain | Binge |
Comparison |
Alcohol use criteria for BD group | Use BD:C UPO | Abstinent BD:C2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n M:F | Age | n M:F | Age | |||||||
| Neuroimaging: MRI | ||||||||||
| Brumback et al., 2016 L2 (USA) | SU, prenatal SU, premature birth, NI, DSM4A1, MI, LD, psychotropic medication | – | – | 127 | 13.6 | 138 | 13.6 | T1: < 10 days in life or ≤ 2 days in week T2: 1 + BD occasion, past yr |
24:0 BD occasions,past yr | N/R |
| Kvamme et al., 2016 (UK) | SU, PD, NI, HI | – | – | 18:12 | 21.3 | 23:23 | 21.3 | BD occasion weekly for >6mths | N/R | 24 h |
| Lisdahl, Gilbart, Wright, & Shollenbarger, 2013 (USA) | DSM4 A1, NI, HI, prenatal SU, NC sensory, premature birth, psychotropic medication, MI, SU, LH | – | – | 31:15 | 18.0 | 35:25 | 17.7 | 1 + BD occasion, past 3mths | 2.5:0 PDr | 26.7:211.7 |
| Mashhoon et al.,2014 (USA) | DSM4 A1, NI, PD, SU, HI,MI, SU dependence, psychotropic medication, pregnancy | – | – | 12:11 | 22.0 | 16:15 | 21.5 | 3 + BD occasions per mth | 11.2:1.7 UPW | 6.1:12.1 |
| Pfefferbaum et al. 2016 (USA) | BA | – | – | 113 | 12.0–21.9 | 674 | 12.0–21.9 | 1 + BD occasion, past yr. | 1–137:0 BD occasions, past yr | N/R |
| Pfefferbaum et al.,2018 L1 (USA) | SU | – | – | 61:66 | 15.5 | 180:176 | 15.5 | T1: ≤3 drinks per occasion (F, M 12–13.9 yrs), ≤4 drinks per occasion (M 14–19.9 yrs), ≤5 drinks per occasion (M 20 yrs.+) | 9.6:0 BD occasions | N/R |
| Squeglia et al., 2012 (USA) | DSM4 A1, NI, MI, LH, SU, prenatal PD, prenatal SU, premature birth, psychotropic medication | Complex figure, Digits (forward, backward), Colour word interference, Towers, Reading score | Immediate memory, inhibition, LT memory, mental flexibility, receptive language, visuoconstructional, WM | 15:14 | 18.2 | 15:15 | 18.0 | 2 + BD occasions, past 3mths | 9.3:0.4 PDr | 21.0:N/A |
| Squeglia et al., 2014 L3 (USA) | T1: SU, DSM4 A1, prenatal SU, NI, MI, psychotropic medication | Letter-number switch, Colour word interference, Towers | Inhibition, mental flexibility | 12:8 | 18.0 | 13:7 | 17.2 | T1: < 10 days in life or ≤ 2days in week | 4.7:0.3 | 37.1:119.3 |
| Squeglia et al., 2015L8 (USA) | DSM4 A1, NI, MI, psychotropic medication, prematurebirth, prenatal SU, illicit SU, NC sensory, BA, poorEnglish | – | – | 45:30 | 19.6 | 31:28 | 17.3 | T1: 0 T2: 1 + BD occasion |
9.8:0.2 PDr | N/R |
| Neuroimaging: DTI | ||||||||||
| Mcqueeny et al., 2009 (USA) | NI, PD, AUD, SUD, prenatal SU, psychotropic medication | – | – | 12:2 | 18.1 | 12:2 | 18.0 | 1 + BD occasion, past 3mths | 8.2:0.1 PDr | 20.3:513.3 |
| Neuroimaging: MRS | ||||||||||
| Silveri et al., 2014 (USA) | HI, BA, psychotropic medication, SU | Trail making, Go no-go, Block design, Mental rotation | Inhibition, mental flexibility, processing speed, sustained attention, visual perception, visuo constructional | 10:11 | 21.9 | 14:13 | 21.6 | 1 + BD occasion | 5.0:1.7 | 5.9:13.1 |
| Neuroimaging: fMRI | ||||||||||
| Ames et al., 2014 (USA) | PD, NI, psychotropic medication | Operation span | WM | 9:8 | 20.2 | 5:14 | 20.8 | 8+ (F), 15+ (M) drinks per week, with 2+ BD occasions per week | 6.2:3.0 | Test day |
| Ames et al., 2014 (USA) | PD, NI, psychotropic medication | Alcohol go no-go | Inhibition, processing speed, sustained attention | 10:11 | 20.2 | 7:13 | 20.8 | 8+ (F), 15+ (M) drinks per week, with 2+ BD occasions per week | 6.1:3.0 | N/R |
| Banca et al. 2016 (UK) | PD, NI, HI, SUD, MI | Beads task, Delay discounting | Delay discounting, DM | 17:13 | 22.2 | 17:13 | 21.9 | 1+ BD occasion, past 3mths | 13.2:4.8 UPW | 24 h |
| Brumback et al., 2015L4wk (USA) | PD, SU, HI, DSM4 A1, NI, MI, prenatal SU, NC sensory, psychoactive medication | – | – | 10:12 | 17.9 | 9:7 | 17.4 | 3+ BD occasions past mth, >100 life time drinking occasions | 5.7:2.5 | N/R |
| Campanella et al.,2013 (Belgium) | MI, CNS condition, NC sensory, SU, alcohol abstinence | Digits (forward, backward), N-back | Immediate memory, processing speed, sustained attention, WM | 7:9 | 20.9 | 7:9 | 21.6 | 2+ BD occasions per week | 6.6:2.6 | 24 h |
| Maurage, Bestelmeyer, Rouger, Charest, & Belin, 2013 (UK) | AUD history, SU, psychoactive medication, nicotine dependence, MI, CNS condition, NC sensory, high | 2-alternative forced choice | Recognition of emotion | 7:5 | 24.2 | 7:5 | 23.4 | 3 BD occasions per week,with >2 drinks perhr | 7.5:1.4 | 3 days |
| Squeglia, Schweinsburg, Pulido, & Tapert, 2011 (USA) | DSM A1 history, prenatal SU, premature birth, NI, MI, psychotropic medication, DSM4 A1, NC sensory, SU | Complex figure, Block design, Digits (forward, backward), Digit vigilance, Digit symbol, Reading score | Immediate memory, LT memory, processing speed, receptive attention, visuoconstructional, WM | 27:13 | 18.0 | 31:24 | 17.9 | 1+ BD occasion, past 3mths | 2.7:0 | 27.6:226.1 |
| Squeglia et al., 2012 E1 (USA) | Prenatal SU, MI, NI, DSM4 A1, PD history, psychotropic medication, poor English, NC sensory, LH | Visual WM | WM | 20 | 17.6 | 20 | 17.6 | 1+ BD occasion | N/R | N/R |
| Squeglia, Sorg, et al. 2012 E2 L3 | T1: SU, prenatal SU, MI, NI, DSM4 A1, PD history, psychotropic medication, poor English, NC sensory, LH | Visual WM | WM | 14:7 | 18.5 | 14:7 | 17.7 | T1: 0 T2: 1+ BD occasion |
6.1:0.3 | N/R |
| Wetherill, Squeglia, Yang, & Tapert, 2013 L3 (USA) | PD history, prenatal SU, premature birth, LH, MI, NI, DSM4 A1, psychotropic medication, SU, NC sensory, poor English | Go no-go | Inhibition | 11:9 | 18.5 | 11:9 | 17.6 | 1+ BD occasion | 4.2:0.2 | N/R |
| Xiao et al., 2013 (China) | NC sensory, NI, PD | Iowa Gambling | DM | 8:6 | 17.3 | 5:11 | 17.1 | 1+ BD occasion, past mth | N/R | N/R |
| Correas et al., 2015 (Spain) | MI, NI history, DSM4 A1, DSM A1 history, SUD history, SU, NC sensory, AUDIT >20 | – | – | 17:18 | 18.0 | 21:17 | 18.0 | 1+ 0.8% + BAC occasion, past mth | N/R | 24 h |
| Neurophysiological: EEG | ||||||||||
| Courtney et al. 2010 (USA) | AUD history, NI, PD, SU, alcohol abstinence, psychotropic medication, MI | – | – | 32:32 | 20.4 | 16:16 | 21.1 | Low BD: 1+ BD occasion, past 6mths High BD: 1+ occasion of ≤ 10 drinks with in 2 h, past 6 mths |
5.7:3.0 | N/R |
| López-Caneda et al., 2017 (Spain) | NC sensory, HI, NI, DSM4 AUDIT >20, SU | – | – | 20:20 | 18.1 | 21:19 | 18.1 | 1+ 0.8% + BAC occasion, past mth | 4.9:0.7 | 24 h |
| Neurophysiological: ERP | ||||||||||
| Crego et al., 2009, Crego et al., 2010 (Spain)5 | AUDIT >20, SU, NC sensory, NI, DSM A1 history, >90 GSI, 2+ symptoms on SCL-90-R, AUD, alcohol abstinence | Continuous performance | Behavioural inhibition, processing speed, sustained attention | 21:21 | 18.9 | 27:26 | 18.7 | 1+ BD occasion per mth, with >3 drinks per hr | 3.6:0.7 | 12 h |
| Crego et al. 2012 (Spain) | NC sensory, NI, DSM A1 A2, DSM A1 history, SUD history, SU, AUD, LH, AUDIT >20 | Visual oddball | Processing speed, sustained attention | 17:15 | 18.8 | 28:25 | 18.5 | 1+ BD occasion per mth, with >3 drinks per hr | 3.6:0.7 | 12 h |
| Folgueira-Ares et al., 2017 L2 (Spain) | NC sensory, NI, DSM4 A1 A2, DSM4 A1 history, SU besides cannabis, AUDIT >20 | Visual face-name association | Recent memory | 14:11 | 20.8 | 13:12 | 20.5 | 1+ BD occasion per mth, with >3 drinks per hr | 3.6:1.4 | 12 h |
| Lannoy, D’hondt, Dormal, Billieux, & Maurage, 2017 (Belgium) | AUD, AUD history, NI, PD, medication, MI, NC sensory, SU | Speeded Go no-go, Balloon analogue risk | DM, inhibition, processing speed, sustained attention | 8:12 | 20.3 | 7:13 | 21.2 | 16+ BD score (drinks per hr.; times drunk last 6 mths; %of being drunk when drinking) | 5.1:3.2 | 3 days |
| Lopez-Caneda et al., 2012 L2 (Spain) | AUD history, SUD, PD history, SU except cannabis, NI, NC sensory, AUDIT>20 | Go no-go | Inhibition, processing | 13:10 | 18.8 | 11:14 | 18.6 | 1+ BD occasion per mth, with >3 drinks per hr., maintain 2 yrs | 9.4:1.7 UPW | 24 h |
| Lopez-Caneda et al., 2013 L2 (Spain) | NC sensory, NI, DSM4 A1 A2, SU except cannabis, PD history, SUD history, AUDIT >20 | Visual oddball | Processing speed, sustained attention | 15:11 | 18.8 | 15:16 | 18.5 | 1+ BD occasion per mth, with >3 drinks per hr., maintain 2 yrs | 4.0:1.2 | 24 h |
| Lopez-Caneda, Holguin, Corral, Doallo, & Cadaveira, 2014 L2 (Spain) | NC sensory, NI, DSM4 A1 A2, SU except cannabis, PD history, SU, AUDIT >20 | Go no-go | Inhibition, processing | 11:11 | 18–19 | 11:14 | 18–19 | 1+ BD occasion per mth, with >3 drinks per hr., maintain 2 yrs | 14.0:1.0 UPW | 24 h |
| López-Caneda et al., 2017 (Spain) | NC sensory, NI, DSM4 A1 A2 history, PD history, SUD history, psychotropic medication, >20 AUDIT, SU except cannabis | Go no-go | Inhibition, processing speed, sustained attention | 17:19 | 18.1 | 20:16 | 18.1 | 1+ 0.8% + BAC occasion, past mth | 0.17:0.01 BAC | 24 h |
| Maurage, Pesenti, Philippot, Joassin, & Campanella, 2009L9mth (Belgium) | AUD history, SU, psychotropic medication, high alcohol consumption, BD prior to university, MI, NI, NC sensory, high depression-anxiety score, PD | – | – | 7:11 | 18.2 | 7:11 | 18.2 | T1: No BD T2: 20 units per week |
8.9:0 | 3 days |
| Maurage et al., 2012 (Belgium) | AUD history, SU, psychotropic medication, high alcohol consumption, BD prior to university, MI, NI, NC sensory, high depression-anxiety score | Visual oddball | Visual perception | 22:18 | 21.1 | 11:9 | 21.6 | Low BD: 2+ BD occasions per week, 15–29 units per week High BD: 3+ occasions of ≤ 10 drinks |
8.2:0.79 | 5 days |
| Petit et al., 2012 (Belgium) | MI, NI, NC sensory, SU, AUD history, high alcohol consumption, BD prior to university, drinking pattern shift during university, psychotropic medication | – | – | 12:6 | 21.3 | 8:10 | 21.9 | 1+ BD occasion | 21.7:1.1 UPW | N/R |
| Petit, Kornreich, Dan, Verbanck, & Campanella, 2014 L1 (Belgium) | MI, NI, SU (other than cannabis, tobacco, alcohol), alcohol abstinence | – | – | 11:4 | 22.0 | 4:11 | 22.0 | Maximum of 3–4 BD occasions per week | 7.6:2.4 | 24 h |
| Neuropsychological | ||||||||||
| Carbia, Cadaveira, Caamano-Isorna, Rodriguez-Holguin, & Corral, 2017, Carbia et al., 2017L6 (Spain) | SU except cannabis, tobacco, AUD, NC sensory, NC motor, MI history, AUD history, DSM4 history, >90/2+ symptoms GSI SCL-90-R | Logical memory, self-ordered pointing, RAVLT | Immediate memory, long term memory, mental flexibility, recent memory, WM | 40:39 | 18.9 | 36:40 | 18.6 | 1+ 0.8% + BAC occasion, per mth | 3.4:1.0 | N/R |
| Gil-Hernandez et al., 2017 (Spain)3 | SU, NI, AUD, AUD history, PD | Digits (forward, backward), Spatial span (forward, backward), Letter-number, Verbal fluency (phonemic, semantic), Trail making, Stroop | Expressive language, immediate memory, inhibition, mental flexibility, processing speed, WM | 78:80 | 13.8 17.1 19.8 |
89:75 | 13.7 16.8 19.7 |
1+ BD occasion per mth for 6 mths | N/R | 24 h |
| Goldstein et al. 2016 E1 (Canada) | NC sensory, PD | Concentration memory | WM | 12:19 | 18.5 | 9:11 | 18.5 | 1+ BD occasion | N/R | N/R |
| Hartley et al. 2004 (UK) | N/R | Delayed word recall, Delayed | LT memory, mental | 9:5 | 21.5 | 6:7 | 20.9 | 24+ BD score (drinks per hr.; times drunk last 6mths; % of being drunk when drinking) | 18.8:0 UPW | During study |
| Heffernan et al. 2010 (UK) | SU | Prospective remembering video procedure | LT memory | 7:14 | 18.7 | 5:24 | 18.6 | 2+ BD occasions per week | 26.4:4.1 UPW | 3.7:6.6 |
| Henges et al. 2012 (USA) | NI, NC sensory | Stop signal reaction | Inhibition, sustained | 20:20 | 19.5 | 26:4 | 19.6 | 1+ 0.8% + BAC occasion | 10.3:4.5 PDr | N/R |
| Johnston et al., 2019 (China) | N/R | Iowa Gambling, Self-ordered pointing | DM, WM | 13:9 | 16.0 | 90:95 | 16.2 | 1+ BD occasion | 3–5:0 drinking days | N/R |
| Jones, Steele, & Nagel, 2017L1 (USA) | PD, no family history information, MI, PD history, prenatal SU, SU | Delay discounting | Delay discounting | 19:14 | 14.5 | 43:40 | 14.0 | 3+ BD occasions, past 3mths | N/R | N/R |
| Moreno et al. 2012 (Spain) | NC sensory, PD, NI, SU | 2-choice, Iowa Gambling, Go no-go, Stop | DM, inhibition | 10:12 | 19.5 | 11:15 | 20.1 | 1+ BD occasion per mth | 4.4:0 | 3 days |
| Morris & Cuthbert, 2012 (UK) | PD, SUD, MI, psychotropic medication | 4-choice serial reaction time, Stopsignal | Behavioural inhibition, inhibition | 18:14 | 22.1 | 36:28 | 23.1 | 1+ BD occasion per week, past 3mths | 15.8:4.1 UPW | N/R |
| Mota et al., 2013L2 (Spain) | NI, PD, SU except cannabis, tobacco, AUD, NC sensory, NC motor, PD history, AUD history, AUDIT >20 | RAVLT, Logical memory, Family pictures, Digits backward, Spatial location backward, Self-ordered pointing, Zoomap, Key search | Immediate memory, LTM memory, recent memory, WM | 22:27 | 18.8 | 19:21 | 18.5 | 1+ BD occasion per week | N/R | Test day |
| Parada et al., 2011 (Spain)4 | >90/2+ symptoms GSI SCL-90-R, NI, SU, PD, PD history, AUD, AUD history | RAVLT, Logical memory, Family pictures | Immediate memory, LTM memory, mental flexibility, recent memory, WM | 32:30 | 18.9 | 31:29 | 18.7 | 1+ BD occasion per mth | N/R | 24 h |
| Parada et al., 2012 (Spain)4 | >90/2+ symptoms GSI SCL-90-R, NI, SU, PD, PD history, AUD, AUD history | Digits backward, Spatial span backward, Self-ordered pointing, Phonetic fluency, Zoomap, Key search, WCST | Expressive language, mental flexibility, WM | 32:30 | 18.9 | 31:29 | 18.7 | 1+ BD occasion per mth | N/R | 24 h |
| Sanhueza et al. 2011 (Spain) | SU, PD, NI | TAVEC, Digits forward, Corsiblocks, Stroop, Towerof Hanoi, BVRT | Immediate memory, inhibition, LT memory, mental flexibility, processing speed, recent memory, WM | 8:13 | 19.0 | 17:25 | 18.9 | 6+ (F) or 8+ (M) drinks per occasion | 6.9:0.9 | N/R |
| Scaife & Duka, 2009 (UK) | MI, NI, AUD, SUD CANTAB (Spatial WM, Simple reaction time, IDED) | Paired associates learning, processing speed, recent memory, WM | Mental flexibility, processing speed, recent memory, WM | 18:12 | 20.7 | 13:17 | 22.3 | 24+ BD score (drinks per hr.; times drunk last 6mths; % of being drunk when drinking) | N/R | 12 h |
| Squeglia, Spadoni, Infante, Myers, & Tapert, 2009L1–5 (USA) | Prenatal SU, MI, DSM4 A1, PD history, NC sensory, LH, SU | CVLT, Colour word interference, Towers, Letter-number, Complex figure copy, Digit vigilance, Block design, Digits (forward, backward), Digit symbol coding | Immediate memory, inhibition, LT memory, mental flexibility, processing speed, sustained attention, visuoconstructional, WM | 36:13 | 13.8 | 24:16 | 13.5 | T1: 0 T2: 1+ BD occasion |
8.0:0.3 UPM | N/R |
| Townshend et al., 2014 (UK) | MI, NI, AUD, SUD | CANTAB (Matching to sample, Spatial WM), Vigilance | Inhibition, selective attention, WM | 23:15 | 20.9 | 13:21 | 20.9 | 24+ BD score (drinks per hr.; times drunk last 6mths; % of being drunk when drinking) | 33.3:20.5 UPM | 12 h |
| Vinader-Caerols et al. 2017 (Spain) | Medication, PD, irregular sleep, SU, SUD, AUD history | Immediate visual memory, WM | Recent memory, WM | 18:24 | 18–19 | 18:24 | 18–19 | 3+ BD occasions per mth, past yr | 4.6:0 | Test day |
| Xiao et al., 2009L1 (China) | N/R | Iowa Gambling, Self-ordered pointing | DM, WM | 10:2 | 16.4 | 71:78 | 16.2 | 1+ BD occasion, past mth | 1.4:0.6 2.7:0.7 | N/R |
| Yoo et al. 2016 (Korea) | PD, MI, NI, AUD, AUD history | Iowa Gambling, Reversal learning | DM, mental flexibility | 12:18 | 21.8 | 12:19 | 21.7 | 1+ BD occasion, past 2 weeks, 12–26 AUDIT score | N/R | 24 h |
AUD: alcohol use disorder; AUDIT: Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test; BA: brain abnormalities; BAC: blood alcohol concentration; BD: binge drink; BVRT: Benton Visual Retention Test; C: control participants; CNS: central nervous system; DM: decision-making; DSM4 A1/A2: clinically diagnosed with any DSM4 Axis 1/Axis 2 condition; E1: experiment 1; E2: experiment 2; F: female; GSI SCL-90-R: Global Severity Index Symptom Check List-90-Revised; HI: head injury; IDED: CANTAB Intradimensional Extradimensional Shift Task; L: longitudinal (years); LD: learning disability; LH: left-handed; M: male; MI: chronic medical illness; MTH: month; N/A: not applicable NC: non-corrected; NI: neurological illness; N/R: not reported; PD: psychiatric disorder; PDr: peak drinks; RAVLT: Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Task; SU: substance use; SUD: substance use disorder; T1: baseline assessment; T2: follow-up assessment; UPM: units per month; UPO: units per occasion; UPW: units per week; WCST: Wisconsin Card Sorting Task; WK: weeks; WM: working memory. TAVEC = Spanish version of California Verbal Learning Test
1
Study characteristics presented for first time point where binge drinkers are compared to control (i.e., in longitudinal studies this may be at baseline or follow-up)
2
Where alcohol abstinence is reported as X:X, this refers to the number of days for binge drinkers: controls
3
Gil-Hernandez et al., 2017 reported on neurocognitive performance in three age groups (13–15 yrs., 18 yrs., 22 yrs). This study was classified as three studies in the meta-analysis
4
Parada et al., 2011, 2012 report on the same participant sample, and is therefore classified as one study in the meta-analysis
5
Crego et al., 2009, 2010 report the same cognitive data, the duplicate data was removed from the meta-analysis