Table 2.

Results of estimated relative risk ratios (RRRs) (95% CI) of changes in viral suppression among criminal justice-involved Black men living with HIV in Louisiana, Louisiana Re-Entry Initiative (n=97), 2013–2016

Characteristics	DVSa	NVSb relative to DVS					SVSc relative to DVS
	n (%)	n (%)	Unadjusted	p value*	Adjustedd	p value	n (%)	Unadjusted	p value*	Adjustedd	p value
Intervention
Health Navigation	5 (13)	19 (49)	REF		REF		15 (38)	REF		REF
Pre/Post Release CM*	11 (24)	13 (29)	0.27 (0.07, 0.92)	0.04	0.53 (0.03, 8.51)	0.66	21 (47)	0.48 (0.14, 1.63)	0.24	1.76 (0.12, 24.98)	0.68
Community Outreach	2 (67)	0 (0)	--		--		1 (33)	0.13 (0.01, 1.79)	0.13	0.70 (0.02, 22.42)	0.84
City
Baton Rouge	5 (11)	22 (48)	4.40 (1.29, 15.02)	0.02			19 (41)	2.31 (0.70, 7.64)	0.17
New Orleans	14 (27)	14 (27)	REF				23 (45)	REF
Age
<30	1 (6)	12 (67)	REF		REF		5 (28)	REF		REF
30+	17 (25)	20 (29)	0.09 (0.01, 0.74)	0.03	0.10 (0.01, 1.10)	0.06	32 (46)	0.33 (0.04, 3.02)	0.33	0.55 (0.05, 6.13)	0.63
Annual Income ($)
<20,000	17 (22)	26 (33)	REF				36 (46)	REF
≥20,000	1 (13)	6 (75)	5.14 (0.59, 45.17)	0.14			1 (13)	0.44 (0.03, 7.52)	0.57
Education
≤High School or GED	17 (20)	29 (34)	REF				39 (46)	REF
>High School or GED	2 (17)	7 (58)	2.05 (0.38, 11.12)	0.41			3 (25)	0.65 (0.10, 4.32)	0.66
Relationship
No	17 (20)	34 (39)	REF				36 (41)	REF
Yes	0 (0)	2 (29)	--				5 (71)	--
Employed
No	10 (24)	16 (38)	REF				16 (38)	REF
Yes	4 (16)	13 (52)	2.03 (0.51, 8.06)	0.31			8 (32)	1.25 (0.29, 5.30)	0.76
Disabled	5 (17)	7 (24)	0.87 (0.22, 3.55)	0.85			17 (59)	2.12 (0.59, 7.63)	0.25
Health Insurance
No	13 (21)	24 (39)	REF				25 (40)	REF
Yes	6 (17)	12 (34)	1.08 (0.33, 3.58)	0.9			17 (49)	1.47 (0.47, 4.67)	0.51
Co-occurring health condition
No	5 (10)	23 (46)	REF		REF		22 (44)	REF		REF
Yes	13 (35)	9 (24)	0.16 (0.05, 0.55)	0.004	0.12 (0.02, 0.91)	0.04	15 (41)	0.20 (0.06, 0.66)	0.01	0.17 (0.03, 1.12)	0.07
Years Living with HIV
≤10 Years	11 (22)	18 (37)	REF		REF		20 (41)	REF		REF
>10 Years	7 (18)	14 (37)	1.09 (0.34, 3.46)	0.88	18.80 (3.16, 111.73)	0.001	17 (45)	1.29 (0.42, 3.94)	0.66	7.00 (1.29, 37.70)	0.02
Housing Status
No Stable Housing	8 (35)	6 (26)	REF		REF		9 (39)	REF		REF
Stable Housing	10 (16)	26 (41)	3.01 (0.88, 10.36)	0.08	4.98 (0.54, 45.83)	0.16	28 (44)	2.05 (0.65, 6.46)	0.22	6.14 (0.84, 45.09)	0.07
Incarceration (last 6 months)
No	4 (16)	13 (52)	REF				8 (32)	REF
Yes	15 (25)	19 (31)	0.39 (0.10, 1.45)	0.16			27 (44)	0.90 (0.23, 3.52)	0.88
Length of Incarceration Stay
<6 months	7 (14)	21 (41)	REF				23 (45)	REF
≥6 months	12 (28)	14 (33)	0.39 (0.12, 1.24)	0.11			17 (40)	0.43 (0.14, 1.33)	0.14
Parole or probation
No	10 (17)	25 (42)	REF				24 (41)	REF
Yes	9 (25)	11 (31)	0.49 (0.15, 1.55)	0.22			16 (44)	0.74 (0.25, 2.24)	0.6
Picked up from correctional facility
No	14 (26)	17 (32)	REF		REF		22 (42)	REF		REF
Yes	4 (12)	15 (44)	3.50 (0.96, 12.79)	0.06	1.31 (0.09, 20.25)	0.85	15 (44)	2.59 (0.72, 9.33)	0.15	2.71 (0.18, 41.20)	0.47
Received HIV services while incarcerated
No	3 (9)	16 (50)	REF		REF		13 (41)	REF		REF
Yes	15 (27)	16 (29)	0.19 (0.05, 0.76)	0.02	0.15 (0.02, 1.29)	0.08	24 (44)	0.28 (0.07, 1.10)	0.07	0.10 (0.02, 0.68)	0.02
Stigma, Mean (SD)	0.31 (0.33)	0.17 (0.31)	0.24 (0.04, 1.47)	0.12			0..34 (0.35)	0.89 (0.20, 4.00)	0.88
Social Support
Low/Moderate	7 (20)	13 (37)	REF				15 (43)	REF
High	12 (19)	23 (37)	1.03 (0.32, 3.29)	0.96			27 (44)	1.05 (0.34, 3.26)	0.93
Depression
Minimal	7 (15)	21 (46)	REF		REF		18 (39)	REF		REF
Mild	7 (32)	5 (23)	0.21 (0.05, 0.87)	0.03	0.33 (0.06, 1.76)	0.19	10 (45)	0.55 (0.15, 1.99)	0.36	0.59 (0.12, 2.85)	0.52
Moderate/Moderately Severe	3 (25)	4 (33)	0.49 (0.09, 2.58)	0.4	0.89 (0.03, 27.58)	0.95	5 (42)	0.70 (0.14, 3.61)	0.67	3.20 (0.10, 97.39)	0.51
Severe	1 (14)	2 (29)	0.29 (0.03, 2.49)	0.26	8.80 (0.46, 169.73)	0.15	4 (57)	0.88 (0.14, 5.63)	0.89	16.27 (1.99, 133.35)	0.01
Any Drug Use
No	15 (21)	27 (38)	REF				29 (41)	REF
Yes	4 (15)	9 (35)	1.25 (0.33, 4.79)	0.75			13 (50)	1.68 (0.46, 6.10)	0.43
Health Care Provider (Last 6 Months)
No	1 (4)	14 (56)	REF		REF		10 (40)	REF		REF
Yes	17 (27)	18 (29)	0.06 (0.01, 0.47)	0.01	0.11 (0.00, 13.80)	0.37	27 (44)	0.16 (0.02, 1.33)	0.09	0.12 (0.00, 15.43)	0.39
Most Urgent Needs
Non-Health-Related	11 (22)	15 (31)	REF				23 (47)	REF
Health-Related	8 (17)	21 (44)	1.93 (0.62, 5.97)	0.26			19 (40)	1.14 (0.38, 3.41)	0.82
Greatest Barriers
No Barriers	10 (28)	8 (25)	REF		REF		15 (47)	REF		REF
Individual	5 (15)	16 (47)	4.50 (1.15, 17.63)	0.03	4.20 (0.49, 35.94)	0.19	13 (38)	1.47 (0.41, 5.31)	0.55	2.12 (0.24, 18.38)	0.5
Structural	4 (19)	8 (38)	3.13 (0.70, 13.92)	0.14	6.05 (0.53, 69.08)	0.15	9 (43)	1.18 (0.29, 4.86)	0.81	3.08 (0.29, 32.67)	0.35
HIV Medication Self-Efficacy, Mean (SD)	4.70 (0.43)	4.27 (0.86)	0.31 (0.14, 0.69)	0.004	0.22 (0.03, 1.56)	0.13	4.65 (0.56)	0.79 (0.33, 1.87)	0.59	0.70 (0.11, 4.53)	0.7
Adherence
No	1 (3)	16 (55)	REF		REF		12 (41)	REF		REF
Yes	17 (29)	16 (28)	0.04 (0.01, 0.37)	0.004	0.09 (0.01, 0.66)	0.02	25 (43)	0.09 (0.01, 0.75)	0.03	0.13 (0.02, 0.98)	0.048

^aDurable Viral Suppression,

^bNo Viral Suppression,

^cSome Viral Suppression

^dOnly participants without missing covariates data were included in the model (n=87)

^*0.10 used as cut-off point for short-listing variables to adjusted model

^*CM = Case Management