TABLE 2.
Summary of the characteristics for the comparator (RDA) and intervention (>RDA) groups1
| Prescribed diet | Achieved diet | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Authors (ref) | Group | Duration, wk | ER | RT | n | Age, y | Energy, kcal | Protein, g · kg−1 · d−1 (%) | CHO, % | Fat, % | Energy, kcal | Protein, g · kg−1 · d−1 (%) | CHO, % | Fat, % |
| Porter Starr et al. (37) | RDA | 24 | + | − | 26 | 68.7 ± 1.2 | 500 deficit | 0.8 (15) | 55 | 30 | ∼14582 | 0.77 (∼20)2 | ∼502 | ∼32 |
| >RDA | 24 | + | − | 41 | 67.9 ± 0.8 | 500 deficit | 1.2 (30) | 40 | 30 | ∼14892 | ∼1.1 (∼30)2 | ∼402 | ∼302 | |
| Tang et al. (36) | RDA | 12 | + | − | 21 | 44.8 ± 3.6 | 750 deficit | 0.8 (15) | 60 | 25 | 2273 ± 78 | ∼0.79 (∼14)3 | ∼613 | ∼253 |
| >RDA | 12 | + | − | 22 | 51 ± 2.6 | 750 deficit | 1.4 (25) | 50 | 25 | 2254 ± 75 | ∼1.41 (∼25)3 | ∼503 | ∼253 | |
| Josse et al. (34) | RDA | 16 | + | + | 13 | 26 ± 1 | 750 deficit | (15) | 55 | 30 | 1430 ± 42 | 0.84 ± 0.02 (18 ± 1) | 58 ± 1 | 24 ± 1 |
| >RDA | 16 | + | + | 14 | 30 ± 1 | 750 deficit | (30) | 40 | 30 | 1500 ± 36 | 1.33 ± 0.03 (28 ± 1) | 41 ± 1 | 31 ± 1 | |
| Wycherley et al. (44) | RDA | 12 | + | − | 21 | 45.9 ± 1.8 | ∼1600 | 0.85 (17) | 58 | 25 | 1729 ± 138 | 0.81 ± 0.09 (25.1 ± 0.6) | 51.2 ± 0.8 | 25.1 ± 0.6 |
| >RDA | 12 | + | − | 21 | 47.7 ± 1.7 | ∼1600 | 1.3 (35) | 40 | 25 | 1677 ± 156 | 1.2 ± 0.23 (27 ± 0.7) | 38.3 ± 0.8 | 27 ± 0.7 | |
| Verreijen et al. (43) | RDA | 13 | + | + | 30 | 63 ± 1.1 | 600 deficit | — | — | — | 1662 ± 63 | 0.85 ± 0.04 (18.3 ± 0.7) | 47.8 ± 0.9 | 29.3 ± 0.8 |
| >RDA | 13 | + | + | 30 | 63.7 ± 1.1 | 600 deficit | — | — | — | 1823 ± 103 | 1.11 ± 0.05 (22.9 ± 0.6) | 42.0 ± 1.1 | 29.2 ± 0.7 | |
| Mitchell et al. (48) | RDA | 10 | − | − | 15 | 74.7 ± 1.0 | — | 0.8 | — | 28–31 | 2695 ± 154 | 0.9 ± 0.03 (11.7 ± 0.4) | 56.6 ± 0.7 | 31.7 ± 0.3 |
| >RDA | 10 | − | − | 14 | 73.7 ± 0.9 | — | 1.6 | — | 28–31 | 2779 ± 46 | 1.7 ± 0.03 (20.6 ± 0.4) | 51.1 ± 0.6 | 28.3 ± 0.4 | |
| Bhasin et al. (45) | RDA | 24 | − | − | 21 | 71.3 ± 0.9 | — | 0.8 | — | — | 2423 ± 79 | 0.81 ± 0.02 | — | — |
| >RDA | 24 | − | − | 21 | 73.5 ± 1.2 | — | 1.3 | — | — | 2369 ± 104 | 1.17 ± 0.03 | — | — | |
| Leidy et al. (47) | RDA | 12 | + | − | 25 | 53 ± 3 | 750 deficit | 0.8 (18) | 57 | 25 | 1560 ± 604 | 0.92 ± 0.02 (18.2 ± 0.1)4 | ∼573, 4 | ∼253, 4 |
| >RDA | 12 | + | − | 21 | 46 ± 2 | 750 deficit | 1.4 (30) | 45 | 25 | 1540 ± 604 | 1.52 ± 0.02 (29.5 ± 0.1)4 | ∼443, 4 | ∼263, 4 | |
| Layman et al. (46) | RDA | 12 | + | − | 12 | 50.1 ± 1.1 | 500 deficit | 0.8 | — | <30 | 1659 ± 167 | ∼0.8 (16) | 58 | 26 |
| >RDA | 12 | + | − | 12 | 50.1 ± 1.1 | 500 deficit | 1.6 | — | <30 | 1670 ± 197 | ∼1.5 (30) | 41 | 29 | |
| Wycherley et al. (49) | RDA | 52 | + | − | 33 | 50.2 ± 1.6 | ∼1600 | 0.85 (17) | 58 | 25 | 1731 ± 129 | ∼0.823 (20.4 ± 0.3) | 35.9 ± 0.6 | 27.7 ± 0.6 |
| >RDA | 52 | + | − | 30 | 51.3 ± 1.6 | ∼1600 | 1.3 (35) | 40 | 25 | 1737 ± 198 | ∼1.253 (30.7 ± 0.6) | 47.3 ± 0.7 | 29.8 ± 0.7 | |
| Aldrich et al. (32) | RDA | 8 | + | − | 6 | 51.3 ± 0.9 | ∼800 deficit | 0.8 (15) | 55 | 30 | 1601 ± 8 | 0.8 (∼155) | ∼53.85 | ∼29.55 |
| >RDA (mixed protein) | 8 | + | − | 6 | 49.6 ± 1.4 | ∼800 deficit | 1.52 (30) | 40 | 30 | 1607 ± 2 | 1.52 (∼305) | ∼415 | ∼295 | |
| >RDA (whey protein) | 8 | + | − | 6 | 49.2 ± 0.7 | ∼800 deficit | 1.52 (30) | 40 | 30 | 1601 ± 12 | 1.52 (∼305) | ∼405 | ∼305 | |
| Pal et al. (35) | RDA | 12 | − | − | 25 | 48.4 ± 0.9 | — | — | — | — | 1732 ± 338 | ∼0.823 (15.8 ± 0.7) | 51.5 ± 1.1 | 30.1 ± 0.9 |
| >RDA (casein) | 12 | − | − | 20 | 48.4 ± 0.9 | — | — | — | — | 1607 ± 236 | ∼1.63 (32.9 ± 0.8) | 35.3 ± 1.3 | 29.3 ± 1.0 | |
| >RDA (whey) | 12 | − | − | 25 | 48.4 ± 0.9 | — | — | — | — | 1794 ± 385 | ∼1.593 (31.9 ± 0.8) | 34.9 ± 1.3 | 29.7 ± 0.9 | |
| Layman et al. (39) | RDA | 16 | + | − | 51 | 46 ± 1 | 500 deficit | 0.8 (15) | 55 | 30 | 1482 ± 0 | ∼0.733 (∼155) | ∼595 | ∼265 |
| >RDA | 16 | + | − | 52 | 45.2 ± 1.2 | 500 deficit | 1.6 (30) | 40 | 30 | 1609 ± 0 | ∼1.263 (∼275) | ∼405 | ∼335 | |
| Campbell et al. (38) | RDA | 12 | − | + | 6 | 66.0 ± 1.4 | — | 0.8 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| >RDA | 12 | − | + | 6 | 64.0 ± 1.6 | — | 1.62 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Melanson et al. (41) | RDA | 12 | + | − | 41 | 37.9 ± 1.1 | — | — | — | — | — | ∼0.786 | — | — |
| >RDA | 12 | + | − | 36 | 38.8 ± 1.2 | — | — | — | — | — | ∼0.956 | — | — | |
| Claessens et al. (33) | RDA | 12 | − | − | 16 | 46.0 ± 2.2 | — | — | ≥55 | 30 | 1868 ± 142 | ∼0.833 (15.8 ± 0.6) | 62.7 ± 2.4 | 21.2 ± 1.5 |
| >RDA (casein) | 12 | − | − | 14 | 45.4 ± 2.2 | — | (≥25) | — | 30 | 1848 ± 108 | ∼1.853 (34.5 ± 1.3) | 42.3 ± 1.2 | 23.5 ± 1.5 | |
| >RDA (whey) | 12 | − | − | 18 | 44.9 ± 2.0 | — | (≥25) | — | 30 | 1812 ± 103 | ∼1.843 (35.2 ± 1.6) | 42.1 ± 1.1 | 24.3 ± 1.7 | |
| McMillan-Price et al. (40) | RDA (high GI) | 12 | + | − | 27 | 31.8 ± 1.7 | 1400 (F), 1900 (M) | (15) | 55 | 30 | — | ∼0.736 (18 ± 1) | 60 ± 1 | 19 ± 1 |
| >RDA (high GI) | 12 | + | − | 31 | 30.2 ± 1.5 | 1400 (F), 1900 (M) | (25) | 45 | 30 | — | ∼1.086 (28 ± 1) | 42 ± 1 | 27 ± 1 | |
| RDA (low GI) | 12 | + | − | 30 | 30.5 ± 1.4 | 1400 (F), 1900 (M) | (15) | 55 | 30 | — | ∼0.796 (19 ± 0) | 56 ± 1 | 22 ± 1 | |
| >RDA (low GI) | 12 | + | − | 27 | 34.6 ± 1.5 | 1400 (F), 1900 (M) | (25) | 45 | 30 | — | ∼1.056 (26 ± 1) | 40 ± 2 | 29 ± 1 | |
| Reimer et al. (42) | RDA | 12 | − | − | 26 | 40.4 ± 2.7 | — | — | — | — | 1772 ± 102 | 0.84 ± 0.06 (∼12) | 455 | 385 |
| >RDA | 12 | − | − | 22 | 38.7 ± 2.6 | — | — | — | — | 1940 ± 140 | 1.08 ± 0.07 (∼30) | 345 | 36 | |
1
Values are mean ± SE. CHO, carbohydrate; ER, energy restriction; GI, glycemic index; ref, reference; RT, resistance training.
2
Estimated using baseline and change values provided in the article.
3
Estimated protein intake (g · kg−1 · d−1) using week 12 protein intakes (g/d) and baseline body weights.
4
Dietary intake measured at the end of the 12 wk.
5
Calculated percentage of intake.
6
Received individual data.