TABLE 7.
Schematic representation of blood nutrients on telomere length in adults1
| Blood nutrients | Cross-sectional studies | Case-control studies | RCTs |
|---|---|---|---|
| Macronutrients | |||
| Plasma trans-fatty acids | X | — | — |
| Serum ω3-fatty acids | O | — | — |
| Micronutrients | — | — | |
| Serum vitamin D | O /// | — | — |
| Serum vitamin A | X | — | — |
| Serum vitamin C | O | — | — |
| Serum vitamin B-12 | /// | — | — |
| Serum vitamin E | / | — | — |
| Serum carotenoids | O | — | — |
| Serum folate | O /// | — | — |
| Serum ferritin | / | — | — |
| Plasma magnesium and calcium | X | — | — |
| Whole blood γ-tocopherol | X X | — | — |
1
Circles indicate a protective effect on telomere length, the slash a neutral effect, and the cross a potential risk factor for telomere length. RCT, randomized clinical trial.