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. 2019 Dec 11;11(3):709–723. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmz127

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Copyright © The Author(s) 2019.

This article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model)

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The modulation of tryptophan metabolism by gut microbiota. The key modulatory pathways in the microbial modulation of tryptophan metabolism are presented. AhR, aryl hydrocarbon receptor; ArAT, aromatic amino acid transaminase; ECs, enterochromaffin cells; fldBC, phenyllactate dehydratase; IA, indole acrylic acid; IAA, indole-3-acetic acid; IAld, indole-3-aldehyde; IAM, indole-3-acetamide; IDO, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase; ILA, indole-3-lactic acid; ILDH, indolelactic acid dehydrogenase; IP, indole-3-pyruvate; IPA, indolic-3-propionic acid; LPS, lipopolysaccharides; LTA, lipoteichoic acid; SCFA, short-chain fatty acid; TLR, toll-like receptor; TMO, tryptophan-2-monooxygenase; TnaA, tryptophanase; TrpD, tryptophan decarboxylase.