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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ann Epidemiol. 2020 Jan 9;42:12–18. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2019.12.008

Table 1.

Descriptive characteristics by sex and educational attainment

Men Women


Educational Attainment Educational Attainment

Characteristic All (N=7,066) Low (N=2,219) Medium (N=2,391) High (N=2,456) All (N=7,362) Low (N=2,448) Medium (N=2,442) High (N=2,472)
Diabetes cases (N) 681 232 244 205 496 185 164 147
Diabetes incidence (per 1000 person-years) 10.24 11.18 10.89 8.79 7.04 7.98 6.94 6.21
(9.48, 11.01) (9.75, 12.61) (9.53, 12.25) (7.60, 9.99) (6.42, 7.65) (6.83, 9.12) (5.88, 8.00) (5.21, 7.21)
Age at survey (mean, years) 55.41 55.26 55.34 55.63 54.51 54.4 54.39 54.73
(55.19, 55.63) (54.87, 55.65) (54.96, 55.72) (55.25, 56.00) (54.30, 54.71) (54.03,54.76) (54.03,54.75) (54.37,55.09)
Baseline BMI, kg/m2
 Mean 27.45 27.69 27.64 27.04 27.16 27.88 27.17 26.44
(27.36,27.54) (27.53,27.86) (27.49,27.80) (26.89,27.18) (27.05,27.27) (27.67,28.08) (26.98,27.36) (26.26,26.62)
 Mean of those with a BMI≥25.0 28.99 29.20 29.12 28.65 29.86 30.32 29.83 29.35
(28.90, 29.08) (29.04,29.37) (28.97,29.27) (28.51,28.80) (29.74,29.98) (30.11,30.53) (29.62,30.03) (29.15,29.55)
 BMI≥25.0, (%) 73.11 74.81 74.82 69.91 62.27 67.65 62.24 56.96
(72.08,74.14) (73.00,76.62) (73.08,76.56) (68.10,71.73) (61.16,63.37) (65.79,69.50) (60.32,64.17) (55.01,58.91)
 BMI≥30.0, (%) 21.65 24.16 23.96 17.14 24.07 29.82 23.87 18.57
(20.69,22.61) (22.37,25.94) (22.25,25.68) (15.65,18.63) (23.09,25.05) (28.01,31.63) (22.18,25.57) (17.03,20.10)
Baseline Waist Circumference (WC)
 Mean, (cm) 97.32 97.68 97.74 96.59 85.98 87.65 85.71 84.6
(97.07,97.58) (97.21,98.15) (97.30,98.18) (96.18,97.00) (85.70,86.26) (87.13,88.16) (85.23,86.18) (84.13,85.07)
WC≥94.0 cm (men) or ≥80.0 (women), (%) 61.19 61.06 62.9 59.65 65.08 69.32 64.91 61.04
(60.06,62.33) (59.03,63.09) (60.97,64.84) (57.71,61.59) (63.99,66.17) (67.49,71.15) (63.01,66.80) (59.12,62.97)
Baseline Cigarette Smoking, (%)
 Current 28.22 32.85 28.36 23.90 17.96 22.14 17.77 14.00
(27.17,29.27) (30.90,34.81) (26.55,30.16) (22.21,25.59) (17.08,18.83) (20.50,23.79) (16.26,19.29) (12.63,15.36)
 Former 39.68 38.98 41.61 38.44 22.56 21.32 21.83 24.51
(38.54,40.82) (36.95,41.01) (39.64,43.59) (36.51,40.36) (21.61,23.52) (19.70,22.95) (20.19,23.47) (22.82,26.21)
 Never 32.10 28.17 30.03 37.66 59.48 56.54 60.40 61.49
(31.01,33.19) (26.29,30.04) (28.19,31.87) (35.75,39.58) (58.36,60.60) (54.57,58.50) (58.46,62.34) (59.57,63.41)
Diabetes cases (N) 681 232 244 205 496 185 164 147
Person-years 66,477 20,758 22,407 23,312 70,503 23,194 23,641 23,668

Note: 95% confidence interval shown in parentheses. Data are from FINRISK 1997, 2002, 2007 with follow-up through 2011. Ages 40–74 years at time of survey. Educational attainment based on cohort-specific tertiles.