Table 1. Summary of Studies that Used HRQoL as Outcomes (n = 40).

Study	Year	Nation	Study Design	n	Mean Age (Median)	Severity	Child-Pugh Score	Status at Enrollment	Type of Treatment	Intervention or Treatment	QoL Questionnaire
Measures of HRQoL in HCC patient (n = 16)
Wible et al. (29)	2010	USA	Cohort	73	62	All stage	A 34	At diagnosis	TACE		SF-36
							B 37
							C 2
Qiao et al. (49)	2012	China	Cross sectional	140	52	All stage	A 84	At diagnosis	No treatment		FACT-Hep
							B 29
							C 27
Hsu et al. (59)	2012	Taiwan	Cross sectional	300	62	All stage	A 202	All	Combined		EORTC QLQ-C30
							B 88
							C 10
Shun et al. (60)	2012	Taiwan	Cohort	89	61	All stage	A 41	After treatment	TACE		SF-12, SDS, HADS
							B 42
							C 6
Fan and Eiser (30)	2012	Taiwan	Cross sectional	33	54	All stage	Unknown	After treatment	Resection, TAE/TACE, Chemotherapy		Interview
Cao et al. (27)	2013	China	Cross sectional	155	53	All stage	A 146	After treatment	TACE		MDASI and SCL
							B 9
Fan et al. (61)	2013	Taiwan	Cross sectional	286	60	All stage	A 224	After treatment	Resection, TAE/TACE, chemo		EORTC QLQ-C30, Brief IPQ, Jalowiec Coping Scale
							B 42
							C 16
							Missing 4
Kaiser et al. (28)	2014	USA	Cross sectional	10	58	Advancedstage	Not mention	All	Systemic therapy		Pain (FACT), EORTC QLQHCC18, and interview
Butt et al. (62)	2014	USA	Cohort	83	64	All stage	Mean = 6.1 (1.3)	After treatment	Combined		FACT-Hep, BPI, Interference Scale
Mise et al. (47)	2014	Japan	Cohort	69	69	All stage	Unknown	At diagnosis	Resection		SF-36
Phillips et al. (63)	2015	Multi	Cohort	167	56	Advancedstage	A 86	At diagnosis	No treatment		EORTC QLQ-C30
							B 69
							C 24
Lei et al. (39)	2016	China	Cohort	207	47	Early-stage	Unknown	After treatment	Resection or LT		SF-36, SCL-90-R
Hinrichs et al. (64)	2017	Germany	Cohort	79	66	Advancedstage	A 60	At diagnosis	TACE		EORTC QLQ -C30, HCC18
							B 19
Hansen et al. (65)	2017	USA	Cross sectional	18	63	Advancedstage	Unknown	After treatment	Sorafenib, TACE or radiation		MSAS
Chie et al. (46)	2017	France	Cross sectional	227	61	All stage	A 180	After treatment	Resection, RFA, TACE, or systemic treatment		EORTC QLQ-C30, HCC18
							B 40
							C 7
Gill et al. (66)	2018	Multi	Cross sectional	256	-64	All stage	Unknown	After treatment	Combined		Side Effects and QoL (developed)
Treatment efficacy on HRQoL (n = 17)
Kuroda et al. (45)	2010	Japan	Intervention	35	66	All stage	A 14	After treatment	RFA	BCAA	SF-8
							B 19
							C 2
Tian et al. (42)	2010	China	Intervention	97	52	Advancedstage	A 70	During treatment	Unknown	Chinese medicine therapy	Pain with VAS, Karnofsky's Scores
							B 27
Chow et al. (44)	2011	Multi	Intervention	185	58	Advancedstage	A 86	At diagnosis	No treatment	MA (320 mg day)	EORTC QLQ-C30
							B 69
							C 24
Toro et al. (31)	2012	Italy	Cohort	51	70	All stage	A 28	At diagnosis	No treatment	Resection, TACE and RFA	FACT-G
							B 23
Salem et al. (33)	2013	USA	Cohort	56	67	Advancedstage	A 48	At diagnosis	No treatment	TACE and 90Y radioembolization	FACT-Hep
							B 8
Meyer et al. (34)	2013	UK	Intervention	86	63	Advancedstage	A 71	At diagnosis	No treatment	TACE and TAE	EORTC QLQ -C30, HCC18, CTCAE
							B 15
Huang et al. (38)	2014	China	Cohort	348	51	Early-stage	A 348	After treatment	TAE	Resection and RFA	FACT-Hep
Kolligs et al. (35)	2015	Multi	Intervention	28	66	Moderate/late stage	A 25	At diagnosis	Unknown	SIRT and TACE	FACT-Hep, CTCAE
							B 3
Xing et al. (26)	2015	USA	Cohort	118	60	Advancedstage	A 66	At diagnosis	No treatment	DEB-TACE	SF-36
							B 46
							C 6
Chie et al. (32)	2015	Multi	Cohort	171	62	All stage	A 135	At diagnosis	Combined	Resection, RFA, or TACE	EORTC QLQ-C30, HCC18
							missing 36
Anota et al. (36)	2016	France	Intervention	21	64	All stage	A 16	At diagnosis	Unknown	DEB-TACE (5/10/15 mg)	EORTC QLQ-C30, CTCAE
							B 5
Kensinger et al. (67)	2016	USA	Cohort	502	54	All stage	Unknown	All	Unknown	LT	SF-36, BAI, CES-D
Lv et al. (43)	2016	China	Intervention	120	52	Advancedstage	A 73	At diagnosis	Unknown	TACE with Parecoxib sodium	CTCAE, Pain Score (NRS), Self Developed QoL Items
							B 47
Qiu et al. (68)	2017	China	Intervention	91	65	Advancedstage	A 17	After treatment	TACE, RFA, TACE + RFA, Sorafenib	TIPS in PVTT patients	Karnofsky's Scores
							B 39
							C 35
Aliberti et al. (37)	2017	Italy	Cohort	42	65	Advancedstage	A 31	After treatment	Resection, RFA, or chemotherapy	TACE and PEG embolics	Palliative Performance Scale, CTCAE
							B 11
Chau et al. (69)	2017	Multi	Intervention	565	62	Advancedstage	A(5/6) 553	After treatment	Sorafenib therapy	Ramucirumab 8 mg/kg	FHSI-8 and EuroQoL-5D
							7 point = 12
He et al. (70)	2018	China	Cohort	128	46	Early-stage	A 84	After treatment	Resection, RFA, or LT		SF-36
							B 35
							C 9
QoL and its associated factors (n = 4)
Mikoshiba et al. (48)	2013	Japan	Cross sectional	128	69	All stage	A 96	After treatment	Unknown		EORTC QLQ-C30, HCC18, CES-D
							B/C 32
Hansen et al. (52)	2015	USA	Cohort	45	62	Advancedstage	Unknown	After treatment	Any treatment		Interview
Shomura et al. (41)	2016	Japan	Cohort	54	(71) Advancedstage	Advancedstage	Score of 5 = 33, Higher than 5 point = 27	After treatment	Sorafenib		SF-36
Jie et al. (51)	2016	China	Cohort	218	50	All stage	Unknown	At diagnosis	Unknown	Resection or RFA	EORTC QLQ-C30, Brief IPQ
Validation (n = 3)
Mikoshiba et al. (53)	2012	Japan	Cross sectional	192	68	All stage	A 127	All	Combined		EORTC QLQ-C30, QLQ-HCC18
							B 53
							C 12
Chie et al. (55)	2012	Multi	Cross sectional	227	61	All stage	A 180	After treatment	Combined		EORTC QLQ -C30, EORTC QLQ -HCC18
							B 38
							C 2
Yang et al. (54)	2015	China	Cross sectional	114	51	All stage	Unknown	All	Resection or others		EORTC QLQ-C30

BAI = Beck Anxiety Inventory, BCAA = branched-chain amino acid-enriched nutrient, BPI = Brief Pain Inventory, CES-D = Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, CTCAE = Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, DEB = doxorubicin drug-eluting bead, EORTC = European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, EORTC QLQ-C30 = EORTC Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30, FACT = Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy, FACT-G = FACT-General, FACT-Hep = FACT-Hepatobiliary, FHSI-8 = FACT Hepatobiliary Symptom Indexes, HADS = Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, HCC = hepatocellular carcinoma, HRQoL = Health-Related QoL, IPQ = Illness Perception Questionnaire, LT = liver transplantation, MA = megestrol acetate, MDASI = M. D. Anderson Symptom Inventory, MSAS = Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale, NRS = Numeral Rating Scale, PEG = polyethylene glycol, PVTT = portal vein tumor thrombus, QoL = quality of life, RFA = radio-frequency ablation, SCL = symptom checklist, SDS = Symptom Distress Scale, SF = short form, SIRT = selective internal radiation therapy, TACE = transarterial chemoembolization, TAE = transarterial embolization, TIPS = transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, VAS = visual analogue scale