Table 3.
Context and Perpetrators, Completed Sexual Assault in Past 12 Months, n = 141.
| Variable | % | (n) |
|---|---|---|
| Perpetrator relationship | ||
| Boyfriend | 56.52 | (78) |
| Man or boy from area | 10.87 | (15) |
| Man or boy from university | 15.22 | (21) |
| Family friend | 2.17 | (3) |
| University staff or lecturer | 1.45 | (2) |
| Father or family member | 2.90 | (4) |
| Stranger | 6.52 | (9) |
| Someone else | 4.35 | (6) |
| Type of coercion useda | ||
| Verbal pressure: lies, threats, criticizing, getting angry, making false promises | 72.34 | (104) |
| Using force or threatening to use force | 50.35 | (71) |
| Taking advantage when I was too drunk or out of it to stop what was happening | 24.82 | (35) |
| Perpetrator was drinking | ||
| Yes | 29.79 | (42) |
| No | 63.83 | (90) |
| Don’t know | 6.38 | (9) |
| Survivor was drinking | 17.14 | (24) |
| Alcohol involved | 31.21 | (44) |
| Locationb | ||
| Your home | 8.5 | (12) |
| Home of a friend or relative | 23.4 | (33) |
| On campus | 29.8 | (42) |
| In public | 4.3 | (6) |
| On the way to or from class | 0.7 | (1) |
| Somewhere else | 36.9 | (52) |
| Bystander present | ||
| No | 72.3 | (102) |
| Yes, but not aware | 26.2 | (37) |
| Yes, and aware but did not attempt to intervene | 2.8 | (4) |
| Yes, and aware and attempted to intervene | 0.7 | (1) |
| Disclosure | ||
| No one | 56.8 | (79) |
| Family member | 14.4 | (20) |
| Friend | 31.7 | (44) |
| UNESWA faculty or staff | 0.7 | (1) |
| Police | 2.9 | (4) |
| Social worker | 1.4 | (2) |
| Religious leader | 0.7 | (1) |
| Health care professional | 0.7 | (1) |
| Counselor | 2.9 | (4) |
| Someone else | 3.6 | (5) |
| Reasons for non-disclosure | ||
| Financially dependent on perpetrator | 8.9 | (7) |
| Didn’t think it was abuse | 51.9 | (41) |
| Didn’t know who to tell | 25.3 | (20) |
| Didn’t think anyone would believe me | 7.6 | (6) |
| Didn’t want to embarrass my family | 5.1 | (4) |
| Perpetrator threatened me | 1.3 | (1) |
| Didn’t want to get the perpetrator in trouble | 3.8 | (3) |
| Given money or gifts not to tell | 2.5 | (2) |
| Too ashamed to tell | 24.1 | (19) |
Note. UNESWA = The University of Eswatini.
a
Based on principle factor analysis using polychoric correlation, three identified factors.
b
Not mutually exclusive.