Table 1:

Summary Statistics for 2000–2005

	Low Elderly Share	High Elderly Share	P-Value
Outcomes
Opioid Deaths per 100,000	2.75	2.63	0.805
Opioid Deaths per 100,000, Ages 0–64	3.00	2.99	0.981
Substance Abuse Treatment Admissions per 100,000	31.4	49.7	0.043
Substance Abuse Treatment Admissions per 100,000, Ages 12–54	40.7	67.7	0.026
Morphine Equivalent Doses per capita	6.13	7.47	0.009
Covariates
Unemployment Rate	5.41	4.94	0.033
% Ages 0–11	17.2%	15.7%	0.000
% Ages 12–17	8.9%	8.5%	0.003
% Ages 18–24	10.2%	9.5%	0.001
% Ages 25–44	29.6%	28.2%	0.001
% Ages 45–64	23.0%	24.1%	0.007
% Ages 65+	11.1%	14.0%	0.000
% No College	43.0%	43.6%	0.639
% Some College	28.0%	26.5%	0.129
% White	63.3%	74.1%	0.064
% Ages 65+ in 2003	11.3%	13.3%	0.000

Notes: All statistics are weighted by the population. States are divided into groups based on 2003 elderly share. “P-Value” refers to the hypothesis that the means in the low and high elderly share states are equal (adjusted for clustering at the state level).