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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Health Econ. 2020 Mar 4;71:102286. doi: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2019.102286

Table 7:

Relationship Between Opioid Supply and Harms

Outcome: Deaths Per 100,000 Admissions Per 100,000
MED Per Capita (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
0.327***
(0.061)		 0.355***
(0.130)		 0.287**
(0.113)		 6.567***
(2.183)		 11.359***
(3.181)		 6.921***
(2.130)
Ages 0–64 0–64 All 12–54 12–54 12+
Estimator OLS IV IV OLS IV IV
Mean Outcome (2006–2011) 5.61 5.61 5.03 121.71 121.71 89.23
N 612 612 612 587 587 587

Notes:

***

Significance 1%,

**

Significance 5%,

*

Significance 10%.

Standard errors in parentheses adjusted for clustering at state level. All regressions weighted by population. Other controls included: state fixed effects, year fixed effects, log unemployment rate, % white, 6 age group shares, % no college, % some college, PDMPs, medical marijuana laws, legal and operational medical marijuana dispensaries, and pain clinic regulations. The excluded instrument is % Elderly2003 × Post. MED = morphine equivalent doses. The mean MED per capita in 2006–2011 was 12.4.