Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of the Study Cohort.
| Characteristic | No. (%) | P Valuea | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women With Surgical Menopause at Age <40 y (n = 644) | Women With Natural Menopause at Age <40 y (n = 4904) | Women With Menopause at Age ≥40 y (n = 138 712) | ||
| Age, y | 57.4 (7.8) | 58.9 (7.1) | 60.0 (5.4) | <.001 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| White | 613 (95.2) | 4629 (94.4) | 132 476 (95.5) | .001 |
| Asian | 8 (1.2) | 96 (2.0) | 2500 (1.8) | |
| Black | 13 (2.0) | 97 (2.0) | 1606 (1.2) | |
| Mixed | 4 (0.6) | 33 (0.7) | 645 (0.5) | |
| Other | 6 (0.9) | 49 (1.0) | 1485 (1.1) | |
| Parity | 2 (1 to 2) | 2 (1 to 3) | 2 (1 to 2) | .002 |
| No. | 4899 | 138 624 | ||
| History of gestational hypertension/preeclampsia | 4 (0.6) | 36 (0.7) | 912 (0.7) | .80 |
| History of hysterectomy | 585 (90.8) | 2524 (51.5) | 12 505 (9.0) | <.001 |
| No. | 641 | 4888 | 138 600 | |
| Mean age at menopause, y | 34.2 (4.2) | 35.4 (3.9) | 50.3 (4.2) | <.001 |
| Current or former smoking | 332 (51.6) | 2391 (48.8) | 57 187 (41.2) | <.001 |
| Exercise ≥2 times weekly | 120 (50.4) | 1079 (54.2) | 34 980 (52.4) | .23 |
| No. | 238 | 1991 | 66 770 | |
| Alcohol consumption at least weekly | 304 (47.2) | 2645 (54.0) | 88 357 (63.7) | <.001 |
| No. | 4898 | 138 628 | ||
| Body mass index, mean (SD)b | 28.7 (6.0) | 27.9 (5.3) | 27.0 (4.9) | <.001 |
| No. | 629 | 4814 | 136 684 | |
| Systolic blood pressure, mean (SD), mm Hg | 139.2 (21.6) | 139.2 (20.4) | 140.5 (20.3) | <.001 |
| No. | 604 | 4614 | 130 586 | |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mean (SD), mm Hg | 81.7 (11.4) | 81.1 (10.4) | 81.2 (10.4) | .44 |
| No. | 604 | 4614 | 130 588 | |
| Hypertension | 218 (33.9) | 1506 (30.7) | 37 616 (27.1) | <.001 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 98 (15.2) | 809 (16.5) | 16 557 (11.9) | <.001 |
| Type 2 diabetes | 13 (2.0) | 132 (2.7) | 1949 (1.4) | <.001 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 1 (0.2) | 25 (0.5) | 230 (0.2) | <.001 |
| History of any cancer | 151 (23.7) | 707 (14.5) | 14 159 (10.2) | <.001 |
| No. | 638 | 4875 | 138 311 | |
| Medication use at baseline visit | ||||
| Antihypertensive medication | 148 (23.0) | 1110 (22.6) | 26 751 (19.3) | <.001 |
| Cholesterol-lowering medication | 122 (18.9) | 986 (20.1) | 18 962 (13.7) | <.001 |
| Menopausal hormone therapy (current use) | 174 (27.0) | 778 (15.9) | 8504 (6.1) | <.001 |
| Ever use of menopausal hormone therapy | 544 (84.5) | 3490 (71.5) | 61 078 (44.1) | <.001 |
| No. | 4883 | 138 388 | ||
| Age at initiation of menopausal hormone therapy, mean (SD), y | 36.7 (5.9) | 41.6 (6.3) | 48.7 (4.5) | <.001 |
| No. | 533 | 3191 | 56 280 | |
| Duration of prior menopausal hormone therapy use (not including current users), median (range), y | 10 (5 to 19) | 8 (3 to 13) | 5 (2 to 9) | <.001 |
| No. | 392 | 2468 | 48 355 | |
| Prior use of menopausal hormone therapy ≥5 y | 296 (46.0) | 1706 (34.8) | 26 081 (18.8) | <.001 |
| Time from menopause to initiation of menopausal hormone therapy among menopausal hormone therapy users, median (IQR), y | 0 (0 to 2) | 4 (1 to 11) | 0 (−3 to 1) | <.001 |
| No. | 533 | 3191 | 56 280 | |
| Initiation of menopausal hormone therapy >5 y after menopause (% of menopausal hormone therapy users) | 37 (6.9) | 535 (16.8) | 2618 (4.7) | <.001 |
| No. | 533 | 3191 | 56 280 | |
| Cholesterol, mean (SD), mg/dL | ||||
| Total | 233.3 (46.2) | 230.7 (44.6) | 235.4 (43.1) | <.001 |
| No. | 608 | 4560 | 129 396 | |
| HDL | 58.7 (13.6) | 60.7 (14.7) | 63.0 (14.8) | <.001 |
| No. | 556 | 4161 | 117 832 | |
| LDL | 145.9 (36.2) | 142.9 (34.6) | 145.8 (33.5) | <.001 |
| No. | 608 | 4553 | 129 170 | |
| Triglycerides | 146.6 (122.6 to 167.2) | 134.2 (95.4 to 191.1) | 123.7 (90.6 to 173.0) | <.001 |
| No. | 607 | 4560 | 129 322 | |
| Lipoprotein(a), median (IQR), nmol/L | 22.2 (9.3 to 63.9) | 22.8 (10.3 to 64.2) | 23.3 (10.4 to 61.5) | .52 |
| No. | 490 | 3653 | 9228 | |
| High-sensitivity C-reactive protein, median (IQR), mg/L | 2.2 (1.0 to 4.6) | 1.8 (0.9 to 4.0) | 1.4 (0.7 to 2.9) | <.001 |
| No. | 606 | 4555 | 129 170 | |
Abbreviations: HDL, high-density lipoprotein; IQR, interquartile range; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.
SI conversion factors: To convert total, HDL, and LDL cholesterol to mmol/L, multiply by 0.0259; triglycerides to mmol/L, multiply by 0.0113; and lipoprotein(a) to μmol/L, multiply by 0.0357.
a
P values were calculated for continuous variables using analysis of variance (normally distributed variables) or the Kruskal-Wallis test (non–normally distributed variables) and using the Pearson χ2 test for categorical variables.
b
Calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared.