Table 2. Different definitions of the metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents [62,63,65,98,438,439,440,441].
| Cook (2003) | Cruz (2004) | Weiss (2004) | de Ferranti (2004) | Ford (2005) | Viner (2005) | IDF (2007) | IDEFICS (2012) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fasting glucose ≥110 mg/dL | Impaired glucose tolerance (ADA criterion) | Impaired glucose tolerance (ADA criterion) | Fasting glucose ≥6.1 mmoL/L (≥110 mg/dL) | Fasting glucose ≥110 mg/dL (additional analysis with ≥100 mg/dL) | Hyperinsulinemia ≥104.2 pmoL/L (15 mU/L) or impaired fasting glucose ≥6.11 mmoL/L (110 mg/dL) | Impaired fasting glucose ≥5.55 mmoL/L (100 mg/dL) | HOMA-insulin resistance ≥90th percentile or fasting glucose ≥90th percentile |
| WC ≥90th percentile (age and sex specific, NHANES III) | WC ≥90th percentile (age, sex and race specific, NHANES III) | BMI–Z score ≥2.0 (age and sex specific) | WC >75th percentile | WC ≥90th percentile (sex specific, NHANES III) | BMI ≥95th percentile | WC ≥90th percentile | WC ≥90th percentile |
| Triglycerides ≥110 mg/dL (age specific, NCEP) | Triglycerides ≥90th percentile (age and sex specific, NHANES III) | Triglycerides >95th percentile (age, sex and race specific, NGHS) | Triglycerides ≥1.1 mmoL/L (≥100 mg/dL) | Triglycerides ≥110 mg/dL (age specific, NCEP) | Triglycerides ≥1.69 mmoL/L (150 mg/dL) | Triglycerides ≥1.69 mmoL/L (150 mg/dL) | Triglycerides ≥90th percentile |
| HDL-C ≤40 mg/dL (all ages/sexes, NCEP) | HDL-C ≤10th percentile (age and sex specific, NHANES III) | HDL-C <5th percentile (age, sex and race specific, NGHS) | HDL-C <1.3 mmoL/L (<50 mg/dL) | HDL-C ≤40 mg/dL (all ages/sexes, NCEP) | HDL-C <0.91 mmoL/L (35 mg/dL) or high total cholesterol ≥95th percentile | HDL-C <1.03 mmoL/L (40 mg/dL) | HDL-C ≤10th percentile |
| Blood pressure ≥90th percentile (age, sex and height specific, NHBPEP) | Blood pressure >90th percentile (age, sex and height specific, NHBPEP) | Blood pressure >95th percentile (age, sex and height specific, NHBPEP) | Blood pressure >90th percentile | Blood pressure ≥90th percentile (age, sex and height specific, NHBPEP) | SBP ≥95th percentile | SBP ≥17.3 kPa (130 mmHg) or DBP ≥11.3 kPa (85 mm Hg) | SBP ≥90th percentile or DBP ≥90th percentile |
IDF: International Diabetes Federation, IDEFICS: identification and prevention of dietary- and lifestyle-induced health effects in children and infants, WC: waist circumference, NHANES: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, NCEP: National Cholesterol Education Program, HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, NHBPEP: National High Blood Pressure Education Program, ADA: American Diabetes Association, BMI: body mass index, NGHS: National Growth and Health Study, SBP: systolic blood pressure, DBP: diastolic blood pressure, HOMA: homeostatic model assessment.