Table 2.
Parasitic infection rates of schoolchildren in 2007–2009
| Schistosoma haematobium infection | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||||
| School | 1st visit (Feb 2007) | 2nd visit (Jul 2007) | 3rd visit (Feb 2008) | 4th visit (Feb 2009) | Difference between 1st and 4th screening (P-value) | ||||
|
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|
|
|
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| Screened | Cases (%) | Screened | Cases (%) | Screened | Cases (%) | Screened | Cases (%) | ||
| Chaani | 125 | 78 (62.4) | 88 | 11 (12.5) | 109 | 8 (7.3) | −55.1% (< 0.0001) | ||
|
| |||||||||
| Kilombero | 126 | 11 (8.7) | 118 | 3 (2.5) | 111 | 5 (4.5) | −4.2% (0.1957) | ||
|
| |||||||||
| Ghana | 166 | 23 (13.8) | 119 | 21 (17.6) | 110 | 36 (32.7) | 18.9% (0.0002) | ||
|
| |||||||||
| Machui | 168 | 14 (8.3) | 136 | 56 (41.2) | 107 | 35 (32.7) | 24.4% (< 0.0001) | ||
|
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| Kitogani | 122 | 5 (4.1) | 86 | 0 (0.0) | 88 | 2 (2.3) | −1.8% (0.4671) | ||
|
| |||||||||
| Bwejuu | 167 | 3 (1.8) | 133 | 2 (1.5) | 128 | 1 (0.8) | −1% (0.4549) | ||
|
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| Mzambarauni | 171 | 41 (23.4) | 132 | 3 (2.3) | −21.1% (< 0.0001) | ||||
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| Kinowe | 186 | 5 (2.7) | 113 | 4 (3.5) | 0.8% (0.6760) | ||||
|
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| Vitongoji | 173 | 22 (12.7) | 103 | 26 (25.2) | 12.5% (0.0079) | ||||
|
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| Ngwachani | 185 | 19 (10.3) | 129 | 17 (13.2) | 2.9% (0.4262) | ||||
|
| |||||||||
| Total | Screened (Feb and Jul 2007): 1,589; Cases: 221 (13.9) | 1,130 | 137 (12.1) | −1.8% (0.1751) | |||||
|
| |||||||||
| Ascaris lumbricoides infection | |||||||||
|
| |||||||||
| School | 1st visit (Feb 2007) | 2nd visit (Jul 2007) | 3rd visit (Feb 2008) | 4th visit (Feb 2009) | Difference between 1st and 4th screening (P-value) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
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| Screened | Cases (%) | Screened | Cases (%) | Screened | Cases (%) | Screened | Cases (%) | ||
|
| |||||||||
| Chaani | 129 | 3 (2.3) | 61 | 10 (16.4) | 43 | 3 (7.0) | 4.7% (0.1500) | ||
|
| |||||||||
| Kilombero | 102 | 31 (30.4) | 62 | 9 (14.5) | 114 | 7 (6.1) | −24.3% (< 0.0001) | ||
|
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| Ghana | 119 | 6 (5.0) | 88 | 8 (9.1) | 60 | 2 (3.3) | −1.7% (0.6015) | ||
|
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| Machui | 160 | 5 (3.1) | 98 | 8 (8.2) | 45 | 1 (2.2) | −0.9% (0.7509) | ||
|
| |||||||||
| Kitogani | 106 | 2 (1.9) | 77 | 4 (5.2) | 70 | 5 (7.1) | 5.2% (0.0808) | ||
|
| |||||||||
| Bwejuu | 75 | 0 (0.0) | 101 | 0 (0.0) | 65 | 1 (1.5) | 1.5% (0.4643) | ||
|
| |||||||||
| Mzambarauni | 144 | 79 (54.9) | 85 | 22 (25.9) | −29.0% (< 0.0001) | ||||
|
| |||||||||
| Kinowe | 158 | 116 (73.4) | 101 | 46 (45.5) | −27.9% (< 0.0001) | ||||
|
| |||||||||
| Vitongoji | 119 | 63 (52.9) | 80 | 31 (38.8) | −14.1% (0.0493) | ||||
|
| |||||||||
| Ngwachani | 167 | 156 (93.4) | 104 | 55 (52.9) | −40.5% (< 0.0001) | ||||
|
| |||||||||
| Total | Screened (Feb and Jul 2007): 1,279; Cases: 461 (36.0) | 767 | 173 (22.6) | −13.4% (< 0.0001) | |||||
|
| |||||||||
| Trichuris trichiura infection | |||||||||
|
| |||||||||
| School | 1st visit (Feb 2007) | 2nd visit (Jul 2007) | 3rd visit (Feb 2008) | 4th visit (Feb 2009) | Difference between 1st and 4th screening (P-value) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
| Screened | Cases (%) | Screened | Cases (%) | Screened | Cases (%) | Screened | Cases (%) | ||
|
| |||||||||
| Chaani | 129 | 5 (3.9) | 61 | 9 (14.8) | 43 | 6 (14.0) | 10.1% (0.0193) | ||
|
| |||||||||
| Kilombero | 105 | 31 (29.5) | 62 | 15 (24.2) | 114 | 8 (7.0) | −22.5% (< 0.0001) | ||
|
| |||||||||
| Ghana | 121 | 26 (21.5) | 88 | 9 (10.2) | 60 | 8 (13.3) | −8.2% (0.1861) | ||
|
| |||||||||
| Machui | 160 | 12 (7.5) | 99 | 12 (12.1) | 45 | 6 (13.3) | 5.8% (0.2219) | ||
|
| |||||||||
| Kitogani | 105 | 24 (22.9) | 77 | 6 (7.8) | 70 | 5 (7.1) | −15.8% (0.0062) | ||
|
| |||||||||
| Bwejuu | 75 | 0 (0.0) | 100 | 12 (12.0) | 65 | 6 (9.2) | 9.2% (0.0088) | ||
|
| |||||||||
| Mzambarauni | 144 | 102 (70.8) | 84 | 73 (86.9) | 16.1% (0.0056) | ||||
|
| |||||||||
| Kinowe | 158 | 127 (80.4) | 101 | 86 (85.1) | 4.7% (0.3274) | ||||
|
| |||||||||
| Vitongoji | 119 | 95 (79.8) | 80 | 74 (92.5) | 12.7% (0.0143) | ||||
|
| |||||||||
| Ngwachani | 167 | 152 (91.0) | 104 | 85 (81.7) | −9.3% (0.0248) | ||||
|
| |||||||||
| Total | Screened (Feb and Jul 2007): 1,283; Cases: 574 (44.7) | 766 | 357 (46.6) | +1.9% (0.4116) | |||||
|
| |||||||||
| Hookworm infection | |||||||||
|
| |||||||||
| School | 1st visit (Feb 2007) | 2nd visit (Jul 2007) | 3rd visit (Feb 2008) | 4th visit (Feb 2009) | Difference between 1st and 4th screening (P-value) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
| Screened | Cases (%) | Screened | Cases (%) | Screened | Cases (%) | Screened | Cases (%) | ||
|
| |||||||||
| Chaani | 129 | 2 (1.6) | 61 | 0 (0.0) | 43 | 0 (0.0) | −1.6% (1) | ||
|
| |||||||||
| Kilombero | 106 | 15 (14.2) | 62 | 7 (11.3) | 114 | 5 (4.4) | −9.8% (0.0118) | ||
|
| |||||||||
| Ghana | 121 | 15 (12.4) | 88 | 2 (2.3) | 60 | 2 (3.3) | −9.1% (0.0491) | ||
|
| |||||||||
| Machui | 160 | 9 (5.6) | 99 | 8 (8.1) | 45 | 1 (2.2) | −3.4% (0.3492) | ||
|
| |||||||||
| Kitogani | 106 | 1 (0.9) | 77 | 1 (1.3) | 70 | 3 (4.3) | 3.4% (0.1453) | ||
|
| |||||||||
| Bwejuu | 75 | 4 (5.3) | 2 (2.0) | 65 | 0 (0.0) | −5.3% (0.1235) | |||
|
| |||||||||
| Mzambarauni | 144 | 78 (54.2) | 84 | 52 (61.9) | 7.7% (0.2549) | ||||
|
| |||||||||
| Kinowe | 158 | 108 (68.4) | 100 | 65 (65.0) | −3.4% (0.5765) | ||||
|
| |||||||||
| Vitongoji | 119 | 54 (45.4) | 80 | 55 (68.8) | 23.4% (0.0012) | ||||
|
| |||||||||
| Ngwachani | 167 | 106 (63.5) | 104 | 43 (41.3) | −22.2% (0.0004) | ||||
|
| |||||||||
| Total | Screened (Feb and Jul 2007): 1,285; Cases: 392 (30.5) | 765 | 226 (29.5) | −1% (0.6457) | |||||
*
P-values were calculated using chi-square or Fisher exact tests.