Table 1.
Summarized studies included in the review.
| Reference | Study population | Biomarkers analyzed | Analytical method used for neprilysin estimation | Brief conclusion of the study | Type of study |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Bayes-Genis et al, 2015 | 797 patients with HF | Plasma sNEP, NT-pro BNP, hscTnT, ST2 | Modified sandwich immunoassay | sNEP independently associated with HF-related death than NT-pro BNP | Cohort |
| Thomas A Zelniker et al, 2018 | 144 patients of cardiac arrest of nontraumatic origin out-of-hospital | Plasma sNEP, hsTnT, hsCRP, NT-pro BNP | Human neprilysin DuoSet ELISA research kit | sNEP independently associated with all-cause mortality in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest of nontraumatic origin | Cohort |
| Pajenda et al, 2017 | 90 critically ill patients | Urine NEP | Human NEP ELISA | Elevated urinary NEP is indicative of proximal tubular cell stress or injury. | Cohort |
| Sridevi Gutta et al, 2018 | 60 patients with type 2 DM with a history of microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria | ACE2 and NEP | Human ELISA kit | ACE2 and NEP as noninvasive biomarkers to assess kidney damage in patients with diabetes at an early stage. | Cross-sectional |
| Mattia Arrigo et al, 2018 | 50 patients (28 patients with acute HF and 22 acute noncardiac dyspnea) | sNEP | Modified sandwich immunoassay | Short-term clinical improvement after acute dyspnea or mid-term improvement after total artificial heart transplantation are associated with an increase rather than a decrease in sNEP | Cohort |
| Antoni Bayes-Genis et al, 2016 | 98 patients with chronic HF | sNEP | Fluorometric assay | Circulating sNEP as a biotarget in heart failure | Cohort |
| Antoni Bayés-Genís et al, 2015 | 1069 patients with HF | sNEP | Modified sandwich immunoassay | High levels of neprilysin are found in the circulation of patients with HF and that neprilysin concentrations are indicators of adverse outcomes for both cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. |
Cohort |
| Julio Nu ~ nez et al, J 2017 | 1021 consecutive ambulatory patients with heart failure | sNEP, NT-pro BNP | Modified sandwich immunoassay | Elevated sNEP levels predicted an increased risk of recurrent all-cause, cardiovascular, and AHF admissions in ambulatory patients with heart failure. | Cohort |
| Elena Guillén-Gómez et al, 2018 | 21 patients with type 2 diabetic [12 without DN (control patients) and 9 with incipient DN (DN basal)] | Urine NEP, VCAM-1 | Specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay | Neprilysin and VCAM-1 as potential new tools as DN progression biomarkers | Case control |
| Kristina F. Standeven et al, 2011 | 318 clinically healthy white men of European origin, characterized for the presence of the MetS | sNEP, tissue plasminogen activator, insulin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 |
Modified fluorescence | Obesity and the development of insulin resistance is associated with increased plasma NEP levels | Cross-sectional |
| Julio Núñez et al, 2016 | 210 patients consecutively admitted for AHF | NT-pro BNP, hscTnT, sNEP | Modified sandwich immunoassay | sNEP was associated with the risk of long-term recurrent all-cause and AHF rehospitalizations |
Prospective cohort |
| Reddy et al, 2019 | 1536 patients in the general population | sNEP, ANP, BNP, NT-pro ANP, NT-pro BNP | Sandwich ELISA | sNEP and natriuretic peptide did not correlate. | Large community-based cohort study |
HF = heart failure; sNEP = soluble neprilysin; NT-pro BNP = N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide; hscTnT = high sensitive cardiac troponin T; ST2 = suppression of tumorigenicity 2; NEP = neprilysin; ACE2 = angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; IL6 = interleukin; VCAM-1 = human vascular cell adhesion molecule-1; STEMI = ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; DM = diabetes mellitus; DN = diabetic nephropathy; MetS = metabolic syndrome; AHF = acute heart failure; ANP = A-type natriuretic peptide; BNP = brain natriuretic peptide; NT-pro ANP = N-terminal pro-ANP; NT-pro BNP = N-terminal pro-BNP.