Table 4. Comparison of the visual analog scale (VAS) score between the laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS) and robot-assisted LESS cases.
| Comparison of VAS between LESS and robot-assisted LESS | LESS (n=157) | Robot-assisted LESS (n=43) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ward return postoperative 2–3 hr | 3.99±1.16 | 4.63±1.01 | 0.013a) |
| Evening round postoperative 6–10 hr | 3.33±1.04 | 3.91±1.02 | 0.021a) |
| POD#1 morning round | 2.70±0.91 | 3.00±1.18 | 0.787 |
| POD#3 morning round | 1.73±0.59 | 1.96±0.76 | 0.930 |
The VAS score is presented as mean±standard deviation. Adjusted for age, body mass index, parity, menopausal status, American Society of Anesthesiology score, comorbidities, type of surgery, need for additional trocar usage, and bupivacaine usage.
POD, postoperative day.
a)P<0.05.