Table 1.

Developments published from 2010 to 2019 in LBSD reconstruction biomaterials.

Biomaterial typess	Developments published from 2010 to 2019
Autograft	•Platelet-rich plasma ​+ ​autologous cancellous bone graft •Biomembrane ​+ ​cancellous autograft •Percutaneous autologous bone marrow injection/autologous bone marrow ​+ ​allograft decalcified bone matrix
Allograft	•Supercritical CO to degrease and sterilize bone allograft •Deproteinized allograft bone •Autograft (usually free vascularized fibular graft) ​+ ​allograft •Massive allograft ​+ ​free fibula osteocutaneous flap •Magnesium-ion/autologous concentrated bone marrow–derived cells/mesenchymal stem cells/osteogenic protein-1/recombinant vascular endothelial growth factor-A)/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2–activated xenogenic bone
Artificial materials	•Cylindrical titanium mesh cage ​+ ​cancellous bone allograft ​+ ​decalcified bone matrix putty •poly(dl-lactide)–tricalcium phosphate (TCP)–polycaprolactone (PCL) and mPCL–TCP composites •Oxidized-irradiated alginate hydrogel •β-TCP ​+ ​cancellous autograft •Decalcified bone matrix ​+ ​autogenous bone •Hydroxyapatite ​+ ​decalcified bone matrix (allograft) •β-TCP/collagen composite •Chitosan hydrogel •Porous poly(lactic acid)/decalcified bone matrix •Bone-like hydroxyapatite/polyamino acid composite
Tissue-engineered bone	•Selective cell retention technology •Autologous mesenchymal stem cells seeded in plasma-derived fibrin-impregnated ceramic block •Rabbit foetal bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells seeded in decalcified bone matrix scaffold •Rabbit adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells seeded in β-TCP •Allogenic adipose-derived stem cells seeded in heterogeneous deproteinized bone •Human autologous adipose-derived stem cells seeded in decalcified bone matrix •Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 7 ​+ ​polycaprolactone–tricalcium phosphate composite material •Silk fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite seeded with bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells •Autologous mesenchymal stem cells plus Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 incorporated in deproteinated bone •Adipose-derived stem cells seeded in hybrid baculovirus