Table 2.
Unadjusted t-Tests Comparing CSF Neurobiological Factors in PTSD Subjects & Trauma Controls.
| Cerebrospinal Fluid Neurobiological Factor Levels (pg/ml) | TC Mean ± SD (n) |
PTSD Mean ± SD (n) |
ta-Test | dfa | p-Valuea | Cohen's d [95% CI]a,b |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norepinephrine (NE) | 140.2 ± 55.6 (17) | 150.7 ± 32.7 (13) | 0.65 | 26.5 | 0.524 | 0.23 [-22.9; 43.9] |
| Neuropeptide Y (NPY) | 846.0 ± 68.5 (17) | 905.8 ± 74.3 (13) | −2.28 | 28.0 | 0.03a | 0.84 [6.18; 113.4] |
| Gamma-amino-butyric-acid (GABA) | 19.8 ± 7.5 (17) | 17.9 ± 4.2 (13) | −0.86 | 25.9 | 0.397 | 0.31 [-6.30; 2.59] |
| Progesterone (PROG) | 13.0 ± 12.2 (14) | 17.1 ± 11.6 (12) | 0.87 | 23.7 | 0.39 | 0.34 [-0.47; 1.16] |
| 5α-Dihydroprogesterone (5α-DHP) | 573.7 ± 669.7 (15) | 309.4 ± 293.7 (12) | −1.37 | 20.1 | 0.19 | 0.5 [-1.34; 0.28] |
| Allopregnanolone (Allo) + Pregnanolone (PA) |
23.3 ± 10.6 (15) | 32.1 ± 23.7 (12) | 1.20 | 14.5 | 0.25 | 0.48 [-0.34; 1.27] |
| Testosterone | 39.4 ± 12.3 (16) | 37.3 ± 14.0 (11) | −0.39 | 19.7 | 0.70 | 0.16 [-13.0; 8.85] |
| 5α-Dihydrotestosterone (5α-DHT) | 20.8 ± 24.7 (15) | 16.1 ± 7.9 (12) | −0.70 | 17.4 | 0.49 | 0.26 [-19.0; 9.50] |
| 3α-Androstanediol | 1.4 ± 2.6 (15) | 2.9 ± 3.2 (11) | 0.51 | 18.8 | 0.62 | 0.21 [-1.87; 3.08] |
| Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) | 839.4 ± 889.0 (17) | 618.9 ± 479.3 (13) | −0.87 | 25.6 | 0.39 | 0.31 [-1.08; 0.44] |
| DHEA-Sulfate (DHEAS) | 2121 ± 1572 (16) | 2059 ± 2087 (12) | −0.09 | 19.7 | 0.93 | 0.03 [-0.82; 0.75] |
| 17β-Estradiol | 4.9 ± 1.7 (16) | 4.3 ± 2.4 (11) | 0.36 | 16.6 | 0.72 | 0.15 [-1.50; 2.11] |
| Interleukin 6 (IL-6) | 2.0 ± 0.8 (17) | 3.0 ± 1.8 (13) | 1.86 | 15.9 | 0.08 | 0.72 [-.137; 2.13] |
ap < 0.05; PTSD: Posttraumatic stress disorder; TC: Trauma-exposed healthy control; df: degrees of freedom; CI: confidence interval.
a
t-test using Welch's correction for unequal variances.
b
CI for the mean difference comparing the PTSD to TC groups.