Table 2.
Comparison of clinical and functional characteristics at the beginning of study vs after 1 month and 3 months.
| Characteristics | At inclusion (N=93) |
1 month (N=93) |
3 months (N=93) |
P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Passive smokers, % (N) | 54.8(51) | 47.3(44) | 44.1(41) | NS#,§,° |
| Asthma severity, % | ||||
| Mild asthma | 0 (0) | 0 | 23.5(31) | n/a#,§,° |
| Moderate asthma | 63.4(59) | 72.1(67) | 52.6(49) | NS#,§; <0.05 |
| Severe asthma | 36.6(34) | 27.9(26) | 13.9(13) | NS#; <0.001§; <0.01° |
| Use of SABA, times/week | 6.2 ±3.4 | 3.5 ± 1.7 | 2.6 ± 1.5 | <0.05#; <0.01§; <0.05° |
| Asthma treatment* | ||||
| High dose of ICS+LABA | 36.6(34) | 27.9(26) | 13.9(13) | NS#; <0.001§; <0.01° |
| Moderate dose of ICS+LABA | 63.4(59) | 72.1(67) | 52.6(49) | NS#,§; <0.01° |
| LTRA | 100(93) | 100(93) | 66.5(62) | NS#; <0.001§; <0.001° |
| Moderate dose of ICS | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 23.5(31) | n/a#,§,° |
| ACT, scores | 8 ± 4 | 15 ± 6 | 19 ± 5 | <0.01#; <0.001§; <0.05° |
| Control of asthma | ||||
| Uncontrolled, % | 100(93) | 49.5(46) | 33.3(31) | <0.001#; <0.001§; <0.01° |
| Partially controlled, % | 0 (0) | 46.2(43) | 16.1(15) | n/a#,§; <0.001° |
| Total controlled, % | 0 (0) | 4.3(4) | 50.5(47) | n/a#,§; <0.001° |
| Treatment adherence | ||||
| Good | 0 (0) | 87.1(81) | 100(93) | n/a#,§; <0.001° |
| Poor | 100(93) | 12.9(12) | 0 (0) | <0.001#; n/a§,° |
| Spirometry, % of predicted | ||||
| FEV1 | 64 ± 18 | 75 ± 12 | 84 ± 14 | <0.05#; <0.01§; <0.05° |
| FVC | 73 ± 12 | 81 ± 14 | 88 ± 11 | <0.05#; <0.05§; NS° |
| FEV1/FVC | 67 ± 11 | 78 ± 8 | 81 ± 12 | <0.05#; <0.01§; NS° |
| FEF25-75 | 48 ± 19 | 59 ± 15 | 64 ± 12 | <0.05#; <0.05§; NS° |
| PEFR | 58 ± 15 | 77 ± 12 | 81 ± 11 | <0.01#; <0.01§; NS° |
| Exhaled NO | ||||
| FENO, ppb | 37 ± 11 | 25 ± 12 | 16 ± 9 | <0.01#; <0.001§; 0.01° |
| CANO, ppb | 5.8 ± 1.4 | 4.9 ± 2.1 | 3.7 ± 1.8 | <0.05#; <0.01§; 0.05° |
| JawNO, nL/min | 77 ± 22 | 41 ± 16 | 38 ± 13 | <0.01#; <0.001§; NS° |
| FnNO, ppb | 1826 ± 379 | 1432 ± 561 | 978 ± 425 | <0.05#; <0.001§; 0.01° |
SABA, short acting beta 2 agonist; ICS, inhaled corticosteroid; LABA, long acting beta 2 agonist; LTRA, leukotriene receptor antagonist; ACT, asthma control test; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC, forced vital capacity; FEF25-75, forced expiratory flow at 25-75% of time; PEFR, peak expiratory flow rate; NO, nitric oxide; FENO, fractional exhaled nitric oxide; CANO, concentration of nitric oxide in the gas phase of the alveolar; JawNO, total flux of NO in the conducting airway compartment; FnNO, fractional concentration of nasally aspirated nitric oxide; ppb: part per billion
*treatment started at the beginning of study
#at the beginning vs 1 month
§at the beginning vs 3 months
°3 months vs 1 month.