Table 3.
Comparison of clinical and functional characteristics at the beginning of study between controlled and uncontrolled asthma patients classified at 3 months.
| Characteristics | Uncontrolled asthma (N=31) |
Total controlled asthma (N=47) |
P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 8 ± 3 | 9 ± 2 | NS |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 20 | 29 | NS |
| Female | 11 | 18 | NS |
| Age of asthma onset, years | 2.5 ± 1.5 | 5.5 ± 2.0 | <0.01 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 17.9 ± 1.6 | 17.3 ± 1.4 | NS |
| Passive smokers, % | 61.3(19) | 38.2(18) | <0.05 |
| Atopy | |||
| Personal allergic history | 80.6(25) | 87.2(41) | NS |
| Familiar allergic history | 58.1(18) | 61.7(29) | NS |
| Asthma severity, % | |||
| Moderate asthma | 25.8(8) | 80.8(38) | <0.001 |
| Severe asthma | 74.2(23) | 19.2(9) | <0.001 |
| AAE with hospitalization, times/ | 3.2±1.8 | 1.8±0.9 | <0.05 |
| Asthma treatment* | |||
| High dose of ICS+LABA | 74.2(23) | 19.2(9) | <0.001 |
| Moderate dose of ICS+LABA | 25.8(8) | 80.8(38) | <0.001 |
| LTRA | 100(31) | 100(47) | NS |
| Moderate dose of ICS | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | n/a |
| Use of SABA, times/week | 8.5 ± 2.6 | 2.4 ± 1.3 | <0.001 |
| Comorbidity | |||
| Allergic rhinitis | 90.3(28) | 65.9(31) | <0.01 |
| Eczema | 29.0(9) | 31.9(15) | NS |
| Spirometry | |||
| FEV1, % of predicted | 52 ± 16 | 78 ± 19 | <0.05 |
| FVC, % of predicted | 69 ± 11 | 79 ± 14 | NS |
| FEV1/FVC, % of predicted | 66 ± 9 | 69 ± 12 | NS |
| FEF25-75, % of predicted | 46 ± 17 | 51 ± 21 | NS |
| PEFR, % of predicted | 46 ± 12 | 69 ± 17 | <0.05 |
| Reversibility§, %(N) | 54.8(17) | 91.4(43) | <0.01 |
| Exhaled NO, ppb | |||
| FENO, ppb | 29 ± 8 | 45 ± 14 | <0.05 |
| CANO, ppb | 6.9 ± 1.9 | 4.7 ± 0.8 | <0.05 |
| JawNO, nL/min | 79 ± 23 | 75 ± 21 | NS |
| FnNO, ppb | 2341 ± 487 | 1322 ± 256 | <0.01 |
| Total IgE, UI/mL | 2154 ± 785 | 1143 ± 437 | <0.01 |
| Blood eosinophil count, cells/μL | 823 ± 367 | 451 ± 184 | <0.05 |
| Skin prick test (+)° | 83.9(26) | 80.8(38) | NS |
BMI, body mass index; AAE, acute asthma exacerbation; SABA, short acting beta 2 agonist; ICS: inhaled corticosteroid; LABA, long acting beta 2 agonist; LTRA, leukotriene receptor antagonist; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC, forced vital capacity; FEF25-75, forced expiratory flow at 25-75% of time; PEFR, peak expiratory flow rate; NO, nitric oxide; FENO, fractional exhaled nitric oxide; CANO, concentration of nitric oxide in the gas phase of the alveolar; JawNO, total flux of NO in the conducting airway compartment; FnNO, fractional concentration of nasally aspirated nitric oxide; ppb: part per billion; BEC, blood eosinophil count; SPT, skin prick test
*treatment started at inclusion
§defined by increase of FEV1>12% and 200mL
°positive at least with one allergen on skin prick test; NS, not significant difference.