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. 2019 Nov 6;11(3):545–553. doi: 10.1111/jdi.13164

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© 2019 The Authors. Journal of Diabetes Investigation published by Asian Association for the Study of Diabetes (AASD) and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Schematic representation of the experimental procedure for transplanting adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cell (ASC) sheets into diabetic nephropathy rats. (a) ASCs were isolated from epididymal adipose tissue of enhanced green fluorescent protein rats (scale bar, 30 μm). Macro image of fabricated ASC sheet: (b) bright field and(c) dark field. (d) The ASC sheets were directly transplanted into the kidney of a diabetic nephropathy rat model. (e) Macro image of the kidneys immediately after transplantation. Diabetic nephropathy rats (aged 7‐weeks‐old) were randomly divided into three groups. Urine samples were collected on 0, 7 and 14 days after transplantation, and rats were killed 14 days after transplantation. (f) Red line: after transplantation.