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. 2020 Mar 26;8(4):471. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms8040471

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Effects of PS01 on root system architecture (RSA) of Arabidopsis. (a) Total root length was measured as total length of primary root and lateral roots (LR) (n = 15); (b) Primary root length (n = 15); (c) Density of lateral root was calculated as the number of LR divided by primary root length (n = 15); (d) Root hair (RH) density expressed as the average RH number ± SD in the root segment located 0.5 cm above the root tip (n =15); (e) Average RH length ± SD (n = 75); (f) Root tips of the non-inoculated (left) and inoculated (right) seedlings. Data are depicted as boxplots representing the range of values, the exclusive median. Asterisks indicate significant differences (Student’s t test; p < 0.05).