Table 4.
Impact of oral problems for children with autism spectrum disorder and typical development showing the modified Parental-Caregiver Perception Questionnaire scores.
| Characteristics | No. of items | All participants | 7-11 years old participants | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean score (± SD) | p value | Mean score (± SD) | p value | ||||
| ASD group (n=144) | TD group (n=228) | ASD group (n=67) | TD group (n=123) | ||||
| Modified P-CPQ† | 27 | 41.12 ± 18.02 | 21.05 ± 12.13 | <0.001*** | 41.91 ± 12.02 | 21.06 ± 1.41 | <0.001*** |
| Oral symptoms† | 5 | 8.42 ± 2.12 | 6.04 ± 2.73 | <0.001*** | 9.13 ± 3.70 | 6.34 ± 2.82 | <0.001*** |
| Functional limitation† | 5 | 9.66 ± 2.83 | 5.00 ± 3.01 | <0.001*** | 9.25 ± 4.09 | 4.25 ± 2.71 | <0.001*** |
| Emotional well-being† | 8 | 11.06 ± 3.54 | 4.82 ± 5.07 | <0.001*** | 10.57 ± 6.68 | 4.72 ± 4.84 | <0.001*** |
| Social well-being† | 5 | 5.42 ± 4.05 | 2.68 ± 2.84 | <0.001*** | 6.39 ± 4.48 | 2.66 ± 2.69 | <0.001*** |
| FIS† | 4 | 6.47 ± 3.80 | 2.59 ± 2.65 | <0.001*** | 6.77 ± 3.08 | 2.38 ± 2.46 | <0.001*** |
ASD, autism spectrum disorder; TD, typical development; SD, standard deviation; P-CPQ, Parental-Caregiver Perception Questionnaire; FIS, Family Impact Scale. †Calculated using the t-test. ***Differences significant at p < 0.001.