TABLE 2.
Comparisons of key parameters between 0.5 MHz HIPU and FSW for opening BBB.
| Device | HIPU |
UCA |
||||||
| Pressure (MPa) | Frequency (MHz) | PRF (Hz) | Burst length (ms) | Duration (s) | Dose (Mega-MBs/kg) | Brand | ||
| H-104G focused ultrasound transducer (Sonic Concepts) (Wu et al., 1996) | 0.44 | 0.50 | 1 | 10 | 120 | 40 | SonoVue, Definity, USphere | |
| Single-element FUS transducer (Imasonics SAS) (Lin et al., 2016) | 0.8 | 0.50 | 1 | 10 | 120 | 50 | SonoVue | |
| H-107 spherical-segment FUS transducer (Sonic Concepts) (Karakatsani et al., 2017) | 0.60 | 0.50 | 2 | 10 | 60 | 250 | Self-made | |
| H-107 spherical-segment FUS transducer (Sonic Concepts) (Samiotaki et al., 2017) | 0.60 | 0.50 | 2 | 10 | 120 | 125 | Self-made | |
| RK100 focused ultrasound transducer (FUS Instruments Inc.) (McMahon and Hynynen, 2017) | 1.09 | 0.55 | 1 | 10 | 120 | 200 | Definity | |
| In-house–assembled lead zirconate titanate transducer (DeL Piezo Specialties) (O’Reilly et al., 2017) | 0.39 | 0.55 | 1 | 10 | 120 | 200 | Definity | |
| Device |
FSW |
UCA |
||||||
| Intensity level | Pressure+ (MPa) | Pressure– (MPa) | Total energy (mJ) | PRF (Hz) | Duration (s) | Dose (Mega-MBs/kg) | Brand | |
| Piezowave (The current study) | 0.1 | 5.4 | -4.2 | 0.43 | 1 | 1 | 2 | SonoVue |
| 5 | 19.22 | -9.79 | 134.5 | 5 | 10 | – | – | |