. 2020 May 4;23(5):635–640. doi: 10.1089/jpm.2019.0324

Table 3.

Patient and Caregiver Bivariate Associations with the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale

	r	p
Patient age	−0.271	<0.001
Patient gender
Male
Female	−0.058	0.269
Patient race/ethnicity^a
White	0.017	0.758
Black	0.037	0.491
Hispanic	0.028	0.606
Asian	−0.120	0.025
Other/undisclosed	0.067	0.200
Hospice diagnosis
Cancer
Noncancer	−0.144	0.006
Length of stay (days)	−0.090	0.089
Reason for discharge from hospice^a
Death	−0.057	0.276
Hospitalization	0.046	0.387
Other	0.033	0.535
Received continuous home care during the last week on hospice	−0.064	0.225
Caregiver age	−0.237	<0.001
Caregiver gender
Male
Female	−0.033	0.533
Caregiver race/ethnicity^a
White	−0.011	0.835
Black	0.011	0.845
Hispanic	0.025	0.652
Asian	−0.073	0.182
Other	0.072	0.185
Not specified	−0.036	0.493
Caregiver relationship with patient^a
Child	−0.022	0.679
Spouse	0.047	0.371
Relative	−0.057	0.276
Grandchild	0.085	0.108
Friend	−0.011	0.832
Parent^b
Caregiver education level^a
High school	−0.019	0.732
College	0.068	0.210
Graduate school	−0.062	0.251
Average hours per day spent caregiving during the last week on hospice	0.002	0.972
Comfort managing symptoms (1—very comfortable, 5—very uncomfortable)	0.206	<0.001

^{^a}

Dummy variables were used to code each category (as 1 vs. all else) for race/ethnicity, reason for discharge, relationship with patient, and education.

^{^b}

Not computed due to sparse data.