Table 2.
Prevalence of BPSS-P Items Rated at Moderate or Higher Severity
| |
Total (n = 76), n (%) | BD-I (n = 24), n (%) | BD-NOS (n = 29), n (%) | MD-NOS (n = 23), n (%) | p value | Pairwise group comparison |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BD-I vs. BD-NOS | BD-I vs. MD-NOS | BD-NOS vs. MD-NOS | ||||||
| BPSS-P mania symptoms | ||||||||
| 1. Mood elevation | 49 (64.5) | 23 (95.8) | 20 (69.0) | 6 (26.1) | <0.0001 | 0.013 | <0.0001 | 0.002 |
| 2. Irritability | 71 (93.4) | 23 (95.8) | 27 (93.1) | 21 (91.3) | 0.819 | |||
| 3. Inflated self-esteem/grandiosity | 20 (26.3) | 13 (54.2) | 7 (24.1) | 0 (0) | <0.0001 | 0.025 | <0.0001 | 0.011 |
| 4. Decreased need for sleep | 38 (50) | 18 (75) | 14 (48.3) | 6 (26.1) | 0.004 | 0.048 | 0.001 | n.s. |
| 5. Over-talkativeness | 53 (69.7) | 19 (79.2) | 26 (89.7) | 8 (34.8) | <0.0001 | n.s. | 0.002 | <0.0001 |
| 6. Racing thoughts/flight of ideas | 49 (65.3) | 22 (91.7) | 19 (65.5) | 8 (36.4) | <0.0001 | 0.024 | <0.0001 | 0.039 |
| 7. Distractibility | 54 (71.1) | 19 (79.2) | 23 (79.3) | 12 (52.2) | 0.057 | |||
| 8. Increased energy/goal-directed activity | 36 (47.4) | 21 (87.5) | 11 (37.9) | 4 (17.4) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | n.s. |
| 9. Increased psychomotor activity | 47 (61.8) | 19 (79.2) | 17 (58.6) | 11 (47.8) | 0.078 | |||
| 10. Reckless or dangerous behavior | 27 (35.5) | 8 (33.3) | 13 (44.8) | 6 (26.1) | 0.361 | |||
| BPSS-P depression symptoms | ||||||||
| 1. Depressed mood | 62 (81.6) | 22 (91.7) | 24 (82.8) | 16 (69.6) | 0.145 | |||
| 2. Anhedonia | 45 (60.0) | 18 (75.0) | 20 (69.0) | 7 (31.8) | 0.005 | n.s. | 0.003 | 0.008 |
| 3. Decreased appetite | 19 (25.7) | 9 (39.1) | 8 (27.6) | 2 (9.1) | 0.067 | |||
| 4. Increased appetite | 13 (17.3) | 7 (30.4) | 4 (13.8) | 2 (8.7) | 0.122 | |||
| 5. Insomnia | 35 (46.1) | 13 (54.2) | 16 (55.2) | 6 (26.1) | 0.071 | |||
| 6. Hypersomnia | 17 (22.4) | 9 (37.5) | 6 (20.7) | 2 (8.7) | 0.058 | |||
| 7. Decreased psychomotor activity | 22 (29.3) | 11 (47.8) | 10 (34.5) | 1 (4.3) | 0.004 | n.s. | 0.001 | 0.008 |
| 8. Decreased energy | 44 (57.9) | 15 (62.5) | 22 (75.9) | 7 (30.4) | 0.004 | n.s. | 0.028 | 0.001 |
| 9. Worthlessness/guilt | 47 (61.8) | 18 (75.0) | 22 (75.9) | 7 (30.4) | 0.001 | n.s. | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| 10. Decreased concentration | 46 (62.2) | 16 (66.7) | 21 (75.0) | 9 (40.9) | 0.041 | n.s. | n.s. | 0.015 |
| 11. Indecision | 23 (30.7) | 8 (33.3) | 9 (31.0) | 6 (27.3) | 0.904 | |||
| 12. Suicidality | 52 (69.3) | 17 (70.8) | 22 (75.9) | 13 (59.1) | 0.429 | |||
| BPSS-P general symptoms | ||||||||
| 1. Mood lability | 54 (71.1) | 20 (83.3) | 24 (82.8) | 10 (43.5) | 0.002 | n.s. | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| 2. Oppositionality | 34 (45.9) | 10 (41.7) | 12 (44.4) | 12 (52.2) | 0.756 | |||
| 3. Anger/aggressiveness | 51 (69.9) | 15 (62.5) | 20 (74.1) | 16 (72.7) | 0.628 | |||
| 4. Anxiety | 40 (54.8) | 16 (66.7) | 13 (50.0) | 11 (47.8) | 0.357 | |||
| 5. Self-injurious behavior | 39 (52.7) | 12 (50) | 18 (66.7) | 9 (39.1) | 0.144 | |||
| 6. Obsessions and compulsions | 5 (6.9) | 2 (8.7) | 1 (3.8) | 2 (8.7) | 0.739 | |||
Bold values indicate p < 0.05 for between-groups analysis.
BD-I, bipolar disorder type I; BD-NOS, bipolar disorder not otherwise specified; BPSS-P, bipolar prodrome symptom scale—prospective; MD-NOS, mood disorder not otherwise specified; n.s., not significant.