Table 3.
Severity of BPSS-P Items
| |
Total (n = 76), median (Q1–Q3) | BD-I (n = 24), median (Q1–Q3) | BD-NOS (n = 29), median (Q1–Q3) | MD-NOS (n = 23), median (Q1–Q3) | p value | Pairwise group comparison |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BD-I vs. BD-NOS | BD-I vs. MD-NOS | BD-NOS vs. MD-NOS | ||||||
| BPSS-P mania symptoms | 4 (1–5) | 5 (4–6) | 4 (2–5) | 3 (0–4) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| 1. Mood elevation | 4 (3–5) | 5 (5–6) | 4 (3–5) | 3 (1–4) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.009 |
| 2. Irritability | 5 (4.25–6) | 5.5 (5–6) | 5 (4.5–6) | 5 (4–6) | 0.081 | |||
| 3. Inflated self-esteem/grandiosity | 2 (0–4) | 4 (1.25–6) | 1 (0–3.5) | 1 (0–2) | 0.001 | 0.004 | 0.001 | n.s. |
| 4. Decreased need for sleep | 3.5 (0–6) | 5 (3.25–6) | 3 (0–6) | 0 (0–4) | 0.003 | n.s. | 0.001 | n.s. |
| 5. Over-talkativeness | 5 (3–5) | 5 (4–6) | 5 (4–5) | 3 (1–4) | <0.0001 | n.s. | 0.001 | <0.0001 |
| 6. Racing thoughts/flight of ideas | 4 (2–5) | 5 (4.25–6) | 4 (2–5) | 2.5 (0.75–4) | <0.0001 | 0.024 | <0.0001 | 0.048 |
| 7. Distractibility | 5 (3–5) | 5 (4–6) | 5 (4–5) | 4 (1–5) | 0.01 | n.s. | 0.007 | 0.012 |
| 8. Increased energy/goal-directed activity | 3 (2–5) | 5 (4–6) | 3 (2–4) | 1 (0–3) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.004 |
| 9. Increased psychomotor activity | 4 (3–5) | 4 (4–6) | 4 (2.5–5) | 3 (1–4) | 0.017 | n.s. | 0.005 | n.s. |
| 10. Reckless or dangerous behavior | 1.5 (0–5) | 1 (0–4.75) | 2 (0–5) | 2 (0–4) | 0.82 | |||
| BPSS-P depression symptoms | 3 (0–5) | 4 (1–5) | 4 (1–5) | 2 (0–4) | <0.0001 | n.s. | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| 1. Depressed mood | 5 (4–6) | 6 (5–6) | 5 (4–6) | 4 (3–5) | 0.004 | n.s. | <0.0001 | 0.022 |
| 2. Anhedonia | 4 (3–5) | 5 (3.25–5) | 4 (3–6) | 3 (1.5–4) | 0.006 | n.s. | 0.002 | 0.015 |
| 3. Decreased appetite | 1 (0–4) | 1 (0–4) | 2 (0–4) | 0 (0-I) | 0.026 | n.s. | 0.036 | 0.008 |
| 4. Increased appetite | 1 (0–3) | 2 (0–4) | 0 (0–3) | 0 (0–2) | 0.047 | 0.034 | 0.033 | n.s. |
| 5. Insomnia | 3 (0–5) | 4 (0–5) | 4 (2–5) | 1 (0–4) | 0.071 | |||
| 6. Hypersomnia | 1 (0–3) | 3 (0–5) | 1 (0–3) | 0 (0–3) | 0.092 | |||
| 7. Decreased psychomotor activity | 2 (0–4) | 3 (3–5) | 1 (0–4) | 0 (0–2) | 0.001 | 0.03 | <0.0001 | n.s. |
| 8. Decreased energy | 4 (1–5) | 4 (1–6) | 5 (3.5–6) | 2 (0–4) | 0.017 | n.s. | n.s. | 0.005 |
| 9. Worthlessness/guilt | 4 (1–5) | 4 (2.5–5) | 4 (3.5–5) | 3 (0–5) | 0.027 | n.s. | 0.031 | 0.013 |
| 10. Decreased concentration | 4 (1–5) | 4.5 (2.25–5) | 4 (3.25–5) | 2 (0–4) | 0.014 | n.s. | 0.016 | 0.007 |
| 11. Indecision | 2 (0–4) | 2 (0.25–4.75) | 2 (1–4) | 1.5 (0–4) | 0.350 | |||
| 12. Suicidality | 6 (2–6) | 5.5 (3–6) | 6 (3–6) | 4.5 (0–6) | 0.185 | |||
| BPSS-P General symptoms | 4 (0–5) | 4 (0–5) | 4 (1–5) | 3 (1–5) | 0.038 | n.s. | n.s. | 0.011 |
| 1. Mood lability | 5 (3–6) | 5 (4–6) | 5 (4–6) | 3 (0–5) | 0.001 | n.s. | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| 2. Oppositionality | 3 (1.75–5) | 3 (0–4) | 3 (2–5) | 4 (2–5) | 0.513 | |||
| 3. Anger/aggressiveness | 5 (3–5.5) | 5 (3–6) | 4 (3–5) | 5 (3–5.25) | 0.949 | |||
| 4. Anxiety | 4 (2–5) | 4.5 (3–5.75) | 3.5 (1.75–5) | 2 (1–5) | 0.044 | 0.031 | 0.031 | n.s. |
| 5. Self-injurious behavior | 4 (0–5) | 2.5 (0–4.75) | 4 (0.5–6) | 3 (0–4) | 0.035 | n.s. | n.s. | 0.012 |
| 6. Obsessions and compulsions | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–2) | 0 (0–1) | 0.959 | |||
Bold values indicate p < 0.05 for between-groups analysis.
Severity is rated on an ordinal scale: 0 = absent, 1 = questionably present, 2 = mild, 3 = moderate, 4 = moderately severe, 5 = severe, 6 = extreme.
BD-I, bipolar disorder type I; BD-NOS, bipolar disorder not otherwise specified; BPSS-P, bipolar prodrome symptom scale-prospective; MD-NOS, mood disorder not otherwise specified; n.s., not significant; Q1, first quartile (P25); Q3, third quartile (P75).