Table 4.
Differences regarding social Influence and self-efficacy items; stratified by smoking behaviour.
| Smokers | Dual users | Vapers | Tukey HSD | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Social Norm My … prefer(s) me vaping electronic cigarettes instead of smoking conventional cigarettes: | ||||
| Partner [mean (SD)]; n = 350 | 2.3 (1.1) | 3.7 (1.3) | 4.3 (1.2) | 1 < 2***; 2 < 3 ** |
| Family [mean (SD)]; n = 442 | 2.6 (1.1) | 3.8 (1.2) | 4.4 (1.1) | 1 < 2***; 2 < 3 *** |
| Friends [mean (SD)]; n = 439 | 2.3 (1.0) | 3.3 (1.2) | 4.1 (1.1) | 1 < 2***; 2 < 3 *** |
| Colleagues [mean (SD)]; n = 346 | 2.3 (.9) | 3.2 (1.2) | 4.1 (1.0) | 1 < 2***; 2 < 3 *** |
| My … think(s) vaping electronic cigarettes is good: | ||||
| Partner [mean (SD)]; n = 356 | 2.7 (1.0) | 3.8 (1.0) | 4.5 (.9) | 1 < 2***; 2 < 3 *** |
| Family [mean (SD)]; n = 445 | 2.8 (.9) | 3.7 (1.0) | 4.4 (.8) | 1 < 2***; 2 < 3 *** |
| Friends [mean (SD)]; n = 449 | 2.9 (.9) | 3.7 (1.0) | 4.4 (.8) | 1 < 2***; 2 < 3 *** |
| Colleagues [mean (SD)]; n = 354 | 2.8 (.9) | 3.6 (.9) | 4.3 (.8) | 1 < 2***; 2 < 3 *** |
| Modelling; n= 477 | ||||
| My partner smokes conventional cigarettes [mean (SD)] | .38 (.5) | .41 (.5) | .2 (.4) | 3 < 1, 2 *** |
| How many of your …. smoke conventional cigarettes? | ||||
| Family members [mean (SD)] | 2.49 (1.1) | 2.3 (1.0) | 2.0 (.9) | 3 < 1, 2 * |
| Friends [mean (SD)] | 3.3 (1.1) | 3.0 (1.2) | 2.5 (1.0) | 3 < 1, 2 ** |
| Colleagues [mean (SD)] | 2.4 (1.1) | 2.3 (1.2) | 2.0 (1.0) | 3 < 1 ** |
| My partner vapes electronic cigarettes [mean (SD)] | .0 (.1) | .2 (.4) | .3 (.4) | 1 < 2, 3 *** |
| How many of your …. vape electronic cigarettes? | ||||
| Family members [mean (SD)] | 1.2 (.4) | 1.5 (.6) | 1.7 (.9) | 1 < 2, 3 ** |
| Friends [mean (SD)] | 1.2 (.4) | 1.8 (.7) | 1.9 (.8) | 1 < 2, 3 *** |
| Colleagues [mean (SD)] | 1.3 (.5) | 1.5 (.7) | 1.6 (.8) | 1 < 2***; 2 < 3 *** |
|
Self-efficacy; n= 477 I think I will manage not to vape when…A |
N = 135 | N= 83 | N= 259 | |
| I am at a party [mean (SD)] | 2.8 (1.3) | 3.3 (1.3) | 3.8 (1.3) | 1 < 2*; 2 < 3 ** |
| I drink alcohol [mean (SD)] | 2.5 (1.3) | 3.0 (1.4) | 3.5 (1.4) | 1 < 2**; 2 < 3* |
| I am frustrated or mad [mean (SD)] | 2.3 (1.2) | 2.7 (1.3) | 3.2 (1.4) | 1 < 2*; 2<3* |
| I see someone vaping [mean (SD)] | 3.0 (1.2) | 3.3 (1.2) | 3.6 (1.3) | 1 < 3*** |
| I see someone smoke [mean (SD)] | 2.8 (1.2) | 3.2 (1.3) | 3.8 (1.3) | 1 < 2 *; 2 < 3** |
| I do not know how to act [mean (SD)] | 2.9 (1.2) | 3.5 (1.2) | 3.8 (1.2) | 1 < 2, 3** |
| I am bored [mean (SD)] | 2.7 (1.2) | 3.1 (1.2) | 3.3 (1.3) | 1 < 2, 3* |
| I am sad [mean (SD)] | 2.6 (1.2) | 2.9 (1.2) | 3.2 (1.3) | 1 < 3*** |
| I am stressed or tensed [mean (SD)] | 2.3 (1.1) | 2.7 (1.3) | 3.0 (1.3) | 1 < 3*** |
| Someone offers me an electronic cigarette [mean (SD)] | 2.9 (1.1) | 3.1 (1.1) | 3.5 (1.2) | 1, 2 < 3* |
| I crave for nicotine [mean (SD)] | 2.4 (1.2) | 2.7 (1.2) | 2.8 (1.3) | 1 < 3* |
| I get up in the morning [mean (SD)] | 2.8 (1.2) | 3.0 (1.3) | 3.2 (1.4) | 1 < 3** |
| I drink coffee or tea [mean (SD)] | 3.1 (1.2) | 3.2 (1.3) | 3.4 (1.3) | NS |
| I miss the flavour of a conventional cigarettes [mean (SD)] | 2.8 (1.2) | 3.0 (1.2) | 3.5 (1.4) | 1, 2 < 3* |
| I just ate [mean (SD)] | 2.6 (1.3) | 2.8 (1.3) | 3.2 (1.3) | 1, 2 < 3* |
| I am on break [mean (SD)] | 2.5 (1.1) | 3.0 (1.2) | 3.0 (1.3) | 1 < 2, 3* |
| Intention to quit | ||||
| Conventional cigarettes [mean (SD)] | 6.2 (2.5) | 4.9 (2.3) | NA | 1<2*** |
| Electronic cigarettes [mean (SD)] | NA | 4.4 (2.9) | 3.9 (2.8) | NS |
A
Measured on a 5-point scale: 1 = definitely not, 5 = definitely
*
P < .05,
**
P < 0.01,
***
P < .001.