Table 1.
Descriptive statistics and t-tests, early PD/controls.
| N, 425 | Early PD, n, 295: 192 male, 103 female | HC, n, 130: 81 male, 49 female | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | sd | Mdn | min | max | skew | M | sd | Mdn | min | max | skew | t-testa | |
| CLINICAL | |||||||||||||
| Anxiety | 33 | 10 | 31 | 20 | 63 | 1 | 29 | 7 | 27 | 20 | 53 | 1 | p < 0.001 |
| CNST | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 4 | p < 0.001 |
| ESS | 6 | 3 | 6 | 0 | 17 | 1 | 6 | 3 | 5 | 0 | 15 | 1 | p = 0.269 |
| GDS | 5 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 11 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 15 | 3 | p = 0.270 |
| MoCA | 27 | 2 | 28 | 17 | 30 | −1 | 28 | 1 | 28 | 27 | 30 | 0 | p = 0.007 |
| RBDQ | 5 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 13 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 11 | 1 | p < 0.001 |
| Upsit-rev | 22 | 8 | 22 | 5 | 43 | 0 | 7 | 5 | 6 | 2 | 26 | 2 | p < 0.001 |
| BIOLOGICS | |||||||||||||
| AB 1−42 | 885 | 379 | 835 | 239 | 2572 | 1 | 1043 | 526 | 941 | 239 | 3297 | 1 | p = 0.017 |
| CSF a-syn | 1488 | 662 | 1374 | 472 | 5257 | 2 | 1698 | 756 | 1581 | 601 | 4271 | 1 | p = 0.004 |
| pTau | 14 | 5 | 13 | 8 | 33 | 1 | 17 | 9 | 15 | 8 | 74 | 3 | p = 0.001 |
| tTau | 164 | 56 | 154 | 79 | 345 | 1 | 192 | 81 | 170 | 79 | 581 | 1 | p = 0.004 |
| SOCIODEM | |||||||||||||
| Age | 61 | 10 | 62 | 34 | 85 | 0 | 61 | 12 | 62 | 31 | 84 | −1 | p = 0.868 |
| Yrs ed. | 16 | 3 | 16 | 5 | 26 | 0 | 16 | 3 | 16 | 8 | 24 | 0 | p = 0.167 |
| DAT UPTAKE | |||||||||||||
| CaudL | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 0 | p < 0.001 |
| CaudR | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 0 | p < 0.001 |
| PutL | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 0 | p < 0.001 |
| PutR | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 0 | p < 0.001 |
| ave. Caud | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 0 | p < 0.001 |
| ave. Put | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 0 | p < 0.001 |
| MOTOR | |||||||||||||
| UPDRS III | 22 | 10 | 21 | 5 | 62 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 2 | p < 0.001 |
Anxiety, STAI trait subscale; CNST, MDS-UPDRS I NP1CNST: 0, none, 1, slight, 2, mild, 3, moderate, 4, severe; CaudL, left caudate; CaudR, right caudate; DAT, dopamine transporter; PutL, left putamen; PutR, right putamen; av. Caud = (left + right caudate)/ 2; av. Put, (left + right putamen)/2; UPDRS III, MDS-UPDRS III total; Upsit-rev (olfactory loss) = University of Pennsylvania Smell Identi-fication Test (a reverse scaled version); AB 1−42, beta-amyloid 1−42; CSF a-syn, cerebral spinal fluid α-synuclein; pTau, CSF phosphorylated Tau; tTau, CSF total tau; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; Yrs. ed., years of education; PD, early Parkinson's patient data; HC, healthy control data; SocioDem, socio-demographic;
robust t-test based on Wilcox, 2005.