Table 4 –
Differences in Demographic and Clinical Characteristics Among the Three Latent Transition Analysis Classes (n=760)
| Characteristic | Low-Low (1) n=190 25.0% |
Moderate-Moderate (2) n=335 44.1% |
High-High (3) n=235 30.9% |
Statistics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||
| Age (years) | 61.4 (10.6) | 57.0 (11.9) | 54.3 (12.1) | F=19.9, p<.0001 1 > 2 > 3 |
| Education (years) | 15.7 (3.2) | 16.5 (2.8) | 16.1 (3.0) | F=4.34, p=.013 1 < 2 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.1 (5.6) | 26.3 (5.8) | 25.9 (5.6) | F=0.30, p=.741 |
| Karnofsky Performance Status score | 87.4 (9.7) | 79.7 (11.8) | 74.8 (12.0) | F=58.25, p<.0001 1 > 2 > 3 |
| Self-administered Comorbidity Questionnaire score | 4.5 (2.5) | 5.5 (3.1) | 6.4 (3.3) | F=19.85, p<.0001 1 < 2 < 3 |
| Time since diagnosis (mean in years) | 1.9 (3.2) | 2.1 (3.7) | 2.1 (4.1) | KW, p=.871 |
| Time since diagnosis (median in years) | 0.44 | 0.44 | 0.44 | |
| Number of prior cancer treatments | 1.6 (1.6) | 1.7 (1.5) | 1.8 (1.5) | F=1.34, p=.263 |
| Number of metastatic sites including lymph node involvementa | 1.3 (1.2) | 1.2 (1.2) | 1.2 (1.2) | F=0.42, p=.656 |
| Number of metastatic sites excluding lymph node involvement | 0.9 (1.1) | 0.8 (1.1) | 0.8 (1.0) | F=0.74, p=.477 |
| Mean number of MSAS symptoms (out of 32) | 5.5 (2.7) | 12.4 (3.0) | 19.3 (4.2) | F=880.63, p<.0001 1 < 2 < 3 |
| % (n) | % (n) | % (n) | ||
| Gender (% female) | 68.9 (131) | 78.2 (262) | 89.8 (211) | X2=31.96, p<.0001 1 < 2 < 3 |
| Self-reported ethnicity | ||||
| White | 71.0 (130) | 72.9 (240) | 68.4 (158) | X2=1.37, p=.505 |
| Non-white | 29.0 (53) | 27.1 (89) | 31.6 (73) | |
| Married or partnered (% yes) | 70.1 (131) | 67.1 (222) | 62.7 (146) | X2=2.64, p=.266 |
| Lives alone (% yes) | 17.0 (32) | 19.9 (66) | 23.9 (56) | X2=3.16, p=.206 |
| Currently employed (% yes) | 37.2 (70) | 37.4 (125) | 28.6 (67) | X2=5.43, p=.066 |
| Annual household income | KW=9.47, p=.230 | |||
| Less than $30,000 | 16.7 (27) | 15.9 (49) | 22.0 (46) | |
| $30,000 to $70,000 | 24.1 (39) | 22.7 (70) | 18.7 (39) | |
| $70,000 to $100,000 | 17.9 (29) | 13.6 (42) | 19.6 (41) | |
| Greater than $100,000 | 41.4 (67) | 47.9 (148) | 39.7 (83) | |
| Child care responsibilities (% yes) | 15.7 (29) | 24.0 (79) | 29.1 (67) | X2=10.40, p=.006 1 < 2 and 3 |
| Elder care responsibilities (% yes) | 6.9 (12) | 9.9 (30) | 7.0 (15) | X2=1.95, p=.378 |
| Common comorbidities (% yes) | ||||
| Heart disease | 4.7 (9) | 5.7 (19) | 4.3 (10) | X2=0.62, p=.733 |
| High blood pressure | 34.7 (66) | 31.9 (107) | 27.2 (64) | X2=2.92, p=.233 |
| Lung disease | 12.6 (24) | 11.0 (37) | 11.9 (28) | X2=0.31, p=.857 |
| Diabetes | 8.4 (16) | 9.3 (31) | 7.7 (18) | X2=0.45, p=.797 |
| Ulcer or stomach disease | 2.6 (5) | 4.2 (14) | 6.4 (15) | X2=3.58, p=.167 |
| Kidney disease | 0.0 (0) | 0.9 (3) | 1.7 (4) | X2=3.34, p=.188 |
| Liver disease | 7.4 (14) | 3.3 (11) | 7.7 (18) | X2=6.34, p=.042 No significant pw contrasts |
| Anemia | 6.3 (12) | 13.1 (44) | 18.3 (43) | X2=13.32, p=.001 1<3 |
| Depression | 5.8 (11) | 14.9 (50) | 39.1 (92) | X2=82.81, p<.0001 1<2<3 |
| Osteoarthritis | 10.5 (20) | 9.6 (32) | 16.2 (38) | X2=6.214, p=.045 No significant pw contrasts |
| Back pain | 15.8 (30) | 24.8 (83) | 37.4 (88) | X2=26.19, p<.0001 1 and 2 <3 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 3.2 (6) | 3.9 (13) | 3.4 (8) | X2=0.21, p=.902 |
| Cancer diagnosis | X2=23.36, p=.001 | |||
| Breast cancer | 34.7 (66) | 41.5 (139 | 46.0 (108 | 1>3 |
| Gastrointestinal cancer | 35.8 (68) | 27.5 (92) | 21.3 (50) | |
| Gynecological cancer | 14.7 (28) | 16.7 (56) | 24.7 (58) | |
| Lung cancer | 14.7 (28) | 14.3 (48) | 8.1 (19) | |
| Prior cancer treatment | X2=11.25, p=.081 | |||
| No prior treatment | 27.6 (51) | 23.4 (77) | 15.9 (37) | |
| Only surgery, CTX, or RT | 35.1 (65) | 41.6 (137) | 45.9 (107) | |
| Surgery and CTX, or surgery and RT, or CTX and RT | 23.8 (44) | 20.1 (66) | 21.5 (50) | |
| Surgery and CTX and RT | 13.5 (25) | 14.9 (49) | 26.7 (39) | |
| Metastatic sites | X2=6.33, p=.387 | |||
| No metastasis | 29.1 (55) | 33.3 (111) | 36.1 (84) | |
| Only lymph node metastasis | 20.1 (38) | 23.1 (77) | 21.0 (49) | |
| Only metastatic disease in other sites | 28.6 (54) | 23.7 (79) | 19.7 (46) | |
| Metastatic disease in lymph nodes and other sites | 22.2 (42) | 19.8 (66) | 23.2 (54) | |
a
Total number of metastatic sites evaluated was 9.
Abbreviations: CTX = chemotherapy, kg = kilograms, KW = Kruskal Wallis, m2 = meters squared, pw= pair-wise, RT = radiation therapy, SD = standard deviation