Table IV.
Parameter | Initial results Mean value ± SD | After 1 h of activity Mean value ± SD | After 2 h of activity Mean value ± SD | After 3 h of activity Mean value ± SD | Final results (after 4 h of activity) Mean value ± SD | Statistical significance |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time to complete [s] | 250 ±30 | 240 ±35 | 231 ±32 | 245 ±34 | 270 ±31 | Initial vs. 2 h, p = 0.032 2 h vs. final, p = 0.036 Initial vs. final, p = 0.042 |
Economy of motion [cm] | 344 ±68 | 325 ±64 | 322 ±66 | 356 ±64 | 370 ±62 | Initial vs. 2 h, p = 0.034 2 h vs. final, p = 0.037 Initial vs. final, p = 0.032 |
Instrument collision | 2.5 ±0.5 | 2.3 ±0.7 | 2.3 ±0.5 | 2.6 ±0.5 | 2.8 ±0.4 | Initial vs. 2 h, p = 0.07 – NS 2 h vs. final, p = 0.07 – NS Initial vs. final, p = 0.06 – NS |
Excessive force | 0.3 ±0.02 | 0.2 ±0.04 | 0.3 ±0.05 | 0.4 ±0.04 | 0.6 ±0.02 | Initial vs. 2 h, p = 0.2 – NS 2 h vs. final, p = 0.027 Initial vs. final, p = 0.032 |
Instruments out of view | 0.81 ±0.15 | 0.78 ±0.2 | 0.71 ±0.2 | 1.35 ±0.1 | 1.42 ±0.2 | Initial vs. 2 h, p = 0.034 2 h vs. final, p = 0.026 Initial vs. final, p = 0.032 |
Drops | 0.2 ±0.02 | 0.2 ±0.01 | 0.1 ±0.02 | 0.3 ±0.03 | 0.6 ±0.03 | Initial vs. 2 h, p = 0.028 2 h vs. final, p = 0.032 Initial vs. final, p = 0.042 |
Master workspace | 7.3 ±1.3 | 6.8 ±1.2 | 6.5 ±1.2 | 7.4 ±1.3 | 9.3 ±1.1 | Initial vs. 2 h, p = 0.038 2 h vs. final, p = 0.027 Initial vs. final, p = 0.032 |
Bold values for statistically significant values; NS – no statistical significance.