Table 2. Summary of types of urethroplasties performed in more complicated male lichen sclerosus cases.

Type of urethroplasty	Indications	Details of technique	Results
One-stage	Adequate urethral plate, corpus spongiosum, dartos fascia and skin 42	Dorsal urethrotomy Graft attachment to corpora cavernosa	91% success rate (32.5 months follow-up) 43
Two-in-one stage 42	No previous operation Navicular fossa involvement Adequate dartos fascia	Spongiofibrosis excision Create neo-urethral plate with buccal mucosa	90% success rate (16 months follow-up)
Two-stage 38, 39	Limited urethral plate	Graft attachment to tunica albuginea Maturation of graft Tubularisation of urethral plate	73 to 82% success rate
Perineal urethrostomy 44, 45	Recurrent urethral stricture disease or complex disease	Wide-based flap with an inverted U incision or the perineumbor using the 7-flap	93% success rate