Supplementary Table 1.

Clinical Characteristics and Fecal Examinations

	COVID-19 Pneumonia							COVID-19	Non–COVID-19 Pneumoniae	Lung Tumora	Healthy Subjectf,g	P Valueh
	Survivor	Nonsurvivor	P Valuem	Nonsevere	Severeb	Criticalc	P valued
Age	56.5 ±15.2	72.8 ± 14.1	<.001	52.9 ± 14.9	60.3 ± 14.6i	71.4 ± 13.5j	<.001	57.8 ± 15.7	56.9 ± 15.7	56.9 ± 10.9	44.6 ± 12.1j	<.001
Sex
Male	59	8	.12	32	24	11	.237	67	67i	43	102	.010
Female	77	4		44	31	6		81	45	56	146
Discharge status
Survivor	136	-	NA	76	55	5	<.001	136	-	-	-	NA
Nonsurvivor	-	12		0	0	12		12	-	-	-
Nausea
None	133	12	.999	75	53	17	.704	145	110	99	-	.456
Yes	3	0		1	2	0		3	2	0	-
Emesis
None	135	12	.999	76	54	17	.486	147	112	99	-	.999
Yes	1	0		0	1	0		1	-	0	-
Anorexia
None	115	6	.009	61	49	11	.067	121	87	99j	-	<.001
Yes	21	6		15	6	6		27	25	0	-
Jaundice
None	135	12	.999	75	55	17	.999	147	112	99	-	.999
Yes	1	0		1	0	0		1	-	0	-
Abdominal pain
None	135	11	.156	76	54	16	.098	146	112	99	-	.341
Yes	1	1		0	1	1		2	-	0	-
Abdominal distension
None	136	11	.081	76	55	16	.115	147	111	99	-	.999
Yes	0	1		0	0	1		1	1	0	-
Diarrhea
None	120	10	.641	68	47	15	.822	130	109i	99j	-	<.001
Yes	16	2		8	8	2		18	3	0	-
Gastrointestinal symptoms
None	101	5	.039	55	41	10	.445	106	84	99j	-	<.001
Yes	35	7		21	14	7		42	28	0	-
Stool color
Yellow	133	7	<.001	74	54	12j	.001	140	110	97	137	.468
Brown	3	2		2	1	2		5	2	2	1
Dark green	0	1		0	0	1		1	0	0	0
Dark red	0	2		0	0	2		2	0	0	0
Stool property
Soft	124	5	<.001	69	51	9j	.001	129	84j	82j	116j	<.001
Half loose	0	0		0	0	0		-	20	13	21
Loose	9	4		5	4	4		13	8	4	1
Watery	0	2		0	0	2		2	0	0	0
Mushy	2	1		2	0	1		3	0	0	0
Mucoid	1	0		0	0	1		1	0	0	0
Leukocyte
None	134	9	.004	75	55	13j	.001	143	111	98	138	.096
Yes	2	3		1	0	4		5	1	1	0
Erythrocyte
None	136	11	.081	76	55	16	.115	147	112	98	138	.574
Yes	0	1		0	0	1		1	0	1	0
Lipid droplet
None	136	12	NA	76	55	17	NA	148	110	93i	127j	<.001
Yes	-	-		-	-	-		0	2	6	11
Yeast-like fungi
None	136	12	NA	76	55	17	NA	148	105i	98	137	.001
Yes	-	-		-	-	-		0	7	1	1
Stool OBk
None	112	4	<.001	61	48	7j	<.001	116	92l	83	188	.033
Weakly positive	3	0		2	0	1		3	12	8	9
Positive	1	5		0	1	5		6	7	8	13
Strongly positive	0	3		0	0	3		3	0	0	0

COVID-19, coronavirus disease-2019.

^aStatistical comparison between COVID-19 group and lung tumor group.

^bStatistical comparison between the nonsevere and severe cases in COVID-19 group.

^cStatistical comparison between the critical subgroup and noncritical subgroup (mild and severe cases) in patients with COVID-19.

^dStatistical comparison among the mild, severe, and critical cases in COVID-19 group.

^eStatistical comparison between COVID-19 group and non–COVID-19 pneumonia group.

^fThere were 248 healthy subjects who received 210 fecal OB tests and 138 stool tests.

^gStatistical comparison between COVID-19 group and healthy subjects.

^hStatistical comparison among COVID-19, non–COVID-19 pneumonia, lung tumor and healthy subjects.

ⁱP < .01.

^jP < .001.

^kTwenty patients with COVID-19 and 1 non–COVID-19 pneumonia patients did not have stool OB test.

^lP < .05.

^mStatistical comparison between survivor group and nonsurvivor group.