Table I.
Combined cohort
| Variable | Evaluable, n | Value | Mechanical ventilation |
P value | q value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (n = 57) | Yes (n = 32) | |||||
| Baseline characteristics∗ | ||||||
| Median age, y (range) | 89 | 61 (18-84) | 58 (18-84) | 65 (45-81) | .031 | 0.067 |
| Median respiratory rate, breaths/min (range) | 74 | 18 (11-40) | 17 (13-39) | 25 (11-40) | .0024 | 0.0073 |
| Median heart rate, beats/min (range) | 66 | 86 (54-130) | 85 (54-130) | 89 (64-112) | .32 | 0.47 |
| Median BMI, kg/m2 (range) | 71 | 26.9 (18.1-45.7) | 26.0 (18.1-36.2) | 27.6 (18.3-45.7) | .074 | 0.15 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 89 | 62 (70) | 33 (58) | 29 (91) | .0029 | 0.0073 |
| Any comorbidity, n (%) | 87 | 70 (80) | 43 (77) | 27 (87) | .38 | 0.53 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 86 | 45 (52) | 25 (45) | 20 (65) | .14 | 0.25 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 86 | 13 (15) | 7 (13) | 6 (19) | .61 | 0.68 |
| Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 85 | 7 (8) | 4 (7) | 3 (10) | >.99 | >0.99 |
| Chronic obstructive lung disease, n (%) | 86 | 9 (10) | 7 (13) | 2 (6) | .54 | 0.67 |
| Computed tomography† | ||||||
| Consolidation, n (%) | 78 | 46 (59) | 30 (59) | 16 (59) | >.99 | >0.99 |
| Ground glass opacity, n (%) | 78 | 72 (92) | 47 (92) | 25 (93) | >.99 | >0.99 |
| Bilateral infiltration, n (%) | 78 | 70 (90) | 44 (86) | 26 (96) | .32 | 0.47 |
| Scores‡ | ||||||
| qSOFA score, n (%)11 | 71 | 30 (42) | 13 (28) | 17 (68) | .0028 | 0.0073 |
| CURB-65 score ≥ 1, n (%)12 | 47 | 22 (47) | 11 (41) | 11 (55) | .50 | 0.67 |
| Median MuLBSTA score (range)13 | 68 | 11 (0-15) | 9 (0-15) | 11 (5-15) | .090 | 0.17 |
| Laboratory parameters† | ||||||
| Median lymphocyte count, G/L (range) | 67 | 0.92 (0.20-2.84) | 0.85 (0.31-2.36) | 0.94 (0.20-2.84) | .60 | 0.68 |
| Median CRP level, mg/L (range) | 89 | 36 (0-369) | 20 (0-315) | 93 (16-369) | 1.9 × 10–7 | 2.6 × 10–6 |
| Median bilirubin level, mg/dL (range) | 84 | 0.5 (0.2-1.9) | 0.5 (0.2-1.2) | 0.6 (0.2-1.9) | .19 | 0.32 |
| Median WBC count, G/L (range) | 89 | 5.86 (0.15-308) | 5 (1.92-12.4) | 7.26 (0.15-308) | .0024 | 0.0073 |
| Median LDH level, U/L (range) | 88 | 311 (153-1121) | 278 (153-619) | 462 (240-1121) | 1.5 × 10–6 | 0.000010 |
| Median PCT level, ng/mL (range) | 87 | 0 (0-5) | 0 (0-0.6) | 0.2 (0-5) | 8.7 × 10–7 | 8.1 × 10–6 |
| Median IL-6 level, pg/mL (range) | 86 | 34 (0-430) | 23.2 (0-209) | 95.4 (14.2-430) | 2.3 × 10–9 | 6.5 × 10–8 |
| Median thrombocyte count, G/L (range) | 89 | 194 (0.12-450) | 194 (0.27-383) | 202 (0.12-450) | .55 | 0.67 |
| Median troponin T level, ng/mL (range) | 78 | 0 (0-0.178) | 0 (0-0.143) | 0 (0-0.178) | .00010 | 0.00047 |
| Median creatinine level, mg/dL (range) | 89 | 0.9 (0.4-7) | 0.9 (0.4-5.6) | 1.1 (0.8-7) | 5.2 × 10–6 | 0.000029 |
| Median D-dimer level, ng/mL (range) | 76 | 0.7 (0-35.2) | 0.6 (0-35) | 0.9 (0-35.2) | .0079 | 0.018 |
| Median ferritin level, ng/mL (range) | 79 | 703 (30-3577) | 545 (30-2578) | 1392 (237-3577) | .00023 | 0.00092 |
q Values represent the Benjamini-Hochberg adjusted P values. Boldface indicates statistical significance.
BMI, Body mass index; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; PCT, procalcitonin; WBC, white blood cell count.
∗
Respiratory rate, heart rate, and BMI were measured at admission; existing comorbidities were evaluated by patient history at admission.
†
CT-scans and laboratory parameters at admission.
‡
Scores were calculated at admission. CURB-65 score predicts mortality in community-acquired pneumonia; qSOFA score predicts mortality in sepsis; and MuLBSTA score predicts mortality in patients with viral pneumonia.