Table E2.
Validation cohort
| Variable | Evaluable, n | Value | Mechanical ventilation |
P value | q value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (n = 30) | Yes (n = 19) | |||||
| Baseline characteristics∗ | ||||||
| Median age, y (range) | 49 | 64 (18-84) | 61 (18-84) | 65 (46-81) | .18 | 0.31 |
| Median respiratory rate, breaths/min (range) | 34 | 18 (11-40) | 17 (13-39) | 26 (11-40) | .027 | 0.083 |
| Median heart rate, beats/min (range) | 34 | 90 (64-130) | 94 (74-130) | 86 (64-107) | .033 | 0.091 |
| Median BMI, kg/m2 (range) | 41 | 27.5 (18.1-36.2) | 27.6 (18.1-36.2) | 27.0 (18.4-34.7) | .58 | 0.71 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 49 | 33 (67) | 17 (57) | 16 (84) | .091 | 0.21 |
| Any comorbidities, n (%) | 48 | 38 (79) | 23 (77) | 15 (83) | .85 | 0.96 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 48 | 26 (54) | 15 (50) | 11 (61) | .65 | 0.76 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 48 | 10 (21) | 6 (20) | 4 (22) | >.99 | >0.99 |
| Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 49 | 4 (8) | 1 (3) | 3 (16) | .31 | 0.46 |
| Chronic obstructive lung, n (%) disease | 49 | 6 (12) | 5 (17) | 1 (5) | .46 | 0.61 |
| Computed tomography† | ||||||
| Consolidation, n (%) | 42 | 25 (59) | 16 (57) | 9 (64) | >.99 | 0.98 |
| Ground glass opacity, n (%) | 42 | 41 (98) | 27 (96) | 14 (100) | >.99 | >0.99 |
| Bilateral infiltration, n (%) | 42 | 37 (88) | 23 (82) | 14 (100) | .24 | 0.37 |
| Scores‡ | ||||||
| qSOFA score, n (%)E1 | 39 | 18 (46) | 6 (25) | 12 (80) | .0025 | 0.010 |
| CURB-65 score ≥ 1, n (%)E2 | 23 | 15 (65) | 6 (55) | 9 (75) | .55 | 0.71 |
| MuLBSTA score, n (%)E3 | 39 | 11 (0-15) | 10 (0-15) | 13 (9-15) | .038 | 0.096 |
| Laboratory parameters† | ||||||
| Median lymphocyte count, G/L (range) | 36 | 0.80 (0.20-2.84) | 0.73 (0.31-2.36) | 0.94 (0.20-2.84) | .43 | 0.60 |
| Median CRP level, mg/L (range) | 49 | 42 (1-369) | 22 (1-163) | 134 (31-369) | .000032 | 0.00068 |
| Median bilirubin level, mg/dL (range) | 47 | 0.5 (0.2-1.2) | 0.4 (0.2-1.2) | 0.6 (0.2-1.1) | .16 | 0.30 |
| Median WBC count, G/L (range) | 49 | 6.0 (0.15-25.8) | 5.79 (1.92-12.4) | 7.22 (0.15-25.8) | .13 | 0.26 |
| Median LDH level, U/L (range) | 49 | 336 (181-1121) | 278 (181-502) | 474 (240-1121) | .00032 | 0.0022 |
| Median PCT level, ng/mL (range) | 49 | 0 (0-2.3) | 0 (00.3) | 0.2 (02.3) | .000073 | 0.00068 |
| Median IL-6 level, pg/mL (range) | 49 | 42.7 (0-272) | 23.7 (0209) | 83.5 (14.2272) | .000072 | 0.00068 |
| Median thrombocyte count, G/L (range) | 49 | 216 (93-450) | 212 (112-383) | 220 (93-450) | .23 | 0.37 |
| Median troponin T, ng/mL (range) | 44 | 0 (0-0.178) | 0 (0-0.143) | 0.022 (0- | .0078 | 0.027 |
| Median creatinine level, mg/dL (range) | 49 | 0.9 (0.5-7.0) | 0.9 (0.5-5.6) | 1.1 (0.8-7.0) | .0023 | 0.010 |
| Median D-dimer level, ng/mL (range) | 45 | 0.8 (0-35.2) | 0.6 (0-35) | 0.9 (0-35.2) | .11 | 0.24 |
| Median ferritin, ng/mL (range) | 48 | 789 (30-3577) | 508 (30-2578) | 1692 (237-3577) | .0026 | 0.010 |
q Values represent the Benjamini-Hochberg adjusted P values. Boldface indicates statistical significance.
BMI, Body mass index; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; PCT, procalcitonin; WBC, white blood cell count.
∗
Respiratory rate, heart rate, and BMI were measured at admission; existing comorbidities were evaluated by patient history at admission.
†
CT-scans and laboratory parameters at admission.
‡
Scores were calculated at admission. CURB-65 score predicts mortality in community-acquired pneumonia; qSOFA score predicts mortality in sepsis; and MuLBSTA score predicts mortality in patients with viral pneumonia.