Table A.21.

Concordance table for the tool compound paraquat

Dose/concentration at the target site	MIE	KE1 Mitochondrial dysfunction (ROS production)	KE2 Impaired proteostasis	KE3 Degeneration of DA neurons of nigrostriatal pathway	AO Parkinsonian motor symptoms
0.78 μM brain concentration [1 and 2]	No data	200% increase in lipid peroxidation [4]	No data	No effect [4]	No data
Below 3 μM (intended as a cumulative concentration; 8 doses) [8]	42% increase in SOD activity [8]	No data		10% decrease in TH+ neurons [8]	No data
3–10 μM (cumulative concentration after multiple doses) [1 and 2]	75% increase in SOD activity [8]	500–600% (cumulative effect) lipid peroxidation [2, 4]	50% increase in 20S proteasome fraction at 24 h [2] Intracellular deposits of α‐synuclein in 30% of DA neurons [6] 50% increase in α‐synuclein expression [8]	30–50% (cumulative effect) decrease in TH+ neurons [2,4, 6, 7, 8]	Motor impairment[2, 8, 10]

References: Breckenridge 2013 [1]; Prasad 2007 and 2009 [2]; Castello 2007 [3]; Mc Cormack 2005 [4]; Cantu 2011 [5]; Manning‐Bog 2003 [6]; Fernagut 2007 [7]; Mitra 2011 [8]; Yang 2007 [9]; Brooks 1999 [10].