Table 2.
Associations between Pulmonary Function Measures and ILA and ILD
| ILA Association [OR (95% CI), P Value]* | ILD Association [OR (95% CI), P Value]* | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjusted† | Adjusted + Covariates‡ | Adjusted† | Adjusted + Covariates‡ | |
| Pulmonary function measure§ | ||||
| FVC % of predicted | 1.5 (1.1–2.0), P = 0.01 | 1.5 (1.1–2.0), P = 0.01 | 1.6 (1.1–2.3), P = 0.02 | 1.6 (1.1–2.4), P = 0.01 |
| TLC % of predicted | 2.0 (1.4–2.9), P < 0.001 | 2.1 (1.5–3.1), P < 0.001 | 2.4 (1.4–4.2), P = 0.001 | 2.5 (1.5–4.4), P < 0.001 |
| DlCO % of predicted | 1.9 (1.3–2.7), P < 0.001 | 2.3 (1.5–3.5), P < 0.001 | 2.6 (1.6–4.4), P < 0.001 | 4.4 (2.2–8.5), P < 0.001 |
| DlCO <70% of predicted | 7.2 (2.4–21.2), P < 0.001 | 8.6 (2.7–27.5), P < 0.001 | — | — |
| TLC <80% or DlCO <70% of predicted | 8.1 (2.7–24.0), P < 0.001 | 9.6 (3.1–29.8), P < 0.001 | — | — |
| Telomere length║ | ||||
| Lymphocyte telomere length <10th percentile for age | 2.5 (1.0–5.8), P = 0.04 | 2.7 (1.0–7.1), P = 0.05 | 2.4 (0.9–6.6), P = 0.09 | 2.7 (0.9–8.5), P = 0.08 |
| Genetic testing¶ | ||||
| MUC5B promoter | 2.5 (1.2–5.2), P = 0.01 | 3.6 (1.5–8.4), P = 0.003 | 2.7 (1.1–6.6), P = 0.03 | 4.0 (1.5–10.6), P = 0.005 |
Definition of abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; ILA = interstitial lung abnormalities; ILD = interstitial lung disease; OR = odds ratio.
ORs reported for continuous metrics of FVC, TLC, and DlCO are for the odds of having ILA per 10% of predicted decrement in the measure.
“Adjusted” analyses are the results from generalized linear models that account for familial relationship.
“Adjusted + covariates” analyses are the results from generalized linear models that include covariates for age, sex, and history of smoking, as well as accounting for familial relationship.
Predicted values for FVC are derived from Crapo and colleagues (36). Percent of predicted TLC is based on American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society guidelines (37). Predicted values for DlCO are derived from Miller and colleagues (38).
Telomere lengths were obtained from 6-panel flow fish (Repeat Diagnostics).
MUC5B promoter refers to those with increasing copies of the minor allele of the MUC5B promoter polymorphism (rs35705950) using an additive genetic model.