Table 3:
Multivariable-adjusted risk of mortality subtypes by flavonoid-rich foods, comparing non-consumers (referent group) to frequent consumers (more than once per week).1
| Cancer mortality3 | CVD mortality4 | Other-cause4 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ≥ once per week | ≥ once per week | ≥ once per week | |
| Orange fruit consumption | |||
| Age-adjusted | 0.75 (0.60–0.95) | 0.66 (0.41–1.07) | 0.79 (0.64–0.97) |
| Multivariable-adjusted2 | 0.76 (0.60–0.98) | 0.89 (0.54–1.48) | 0.98 (0.78–1.24) |
| Orange juice consumption | |||
| Age-adjusted | 0.90 (0.72–1.13) | 0.76 (0.48–1.21) | 0.83 (0.68–1.03) |
| Multivariable-adjusted2 | 0.96 (0.76–1.21) | 0.89 (0.55–1.43) | 0.97 (0.78–1.21) |
| Grapefruit consumption | |||
| Age-adjusted | 1.01 (0.83–1.22) | 0.72 (0.48–1.08) | 1.19 (1.00–1.42) |
| Multivariable-adjusted2 | 1.07 (0.88–1.31) | 0.92 (0.60–1.42) | 1.47 (1.22–1.77) |
| Apple consumption | |||
| Age-adjusted | 0.63 (0.47–0.84) | 0.74 (0.37–1.48) | 0.60 (0.45–0.79) |
| Multivariable-adjusted2 | 0.68 (0.50–0.93) | 1.19 (0.58–2.45) | 0.84 (0.63–1.14) |
| Blueberry consumption | |||
| Age-adjusted | 0.67 (0.50–0.89) | 0.41 (0.19–0.89) | 0.77 (0.60–1.01) |
| Multivariable-adjusted2 | 0.64 (0.47–0.87) | 0.64 (0.29–1.41) | 1.00 (0.75–1.32) |
| Strawberry consumption | |||
| Age-adjusted | 0.69 (0.54–0.89) | 0.49 (0.29–0.82) | 0.65 (0.51–0.81) |
| Multivariable-adjusted2 | 0.73 (0.56–0.95) | 0.72 (0.41–1.24) | 0.86 (0.67–1.10) |
| Onion consumption | |||
| Age-adjusted | 0.84 (0.65–1.08) | 0.92 (0.53–1.62) | 1.00 (0.78–1.28) |
| Multivariable-adjusted2 | 0.83 (0.64–1.09) | 0.95 (0.53–1.70) | 1.05 (0.81–1.35) |
| Pepper consumption | |||
| Age-adjusted | 0.78 (0.63–0.96) | 0.74 (0.47–1.17) | 0.58 (0.47–0.71) |
| Multivariable-adjusted2 | 0.80 (0.64–1.01) | 1.04 (0.64–1.71) | 0.67 (0.54–0.84) |
| Red wine consumption | |||
| Age-adjusted | 0.60 (0.46–0.78) | 0.43 (0.22–0.82) | 0.57 (0.44–0.74) |
| Multivariable-adjusted2 | 0.53 (0.39–0.72) | 0.74 (0.35–1.58) | 0.65 (0.48–0.89) |
| Tea consumption | |||
| Age-adjusted | 0.67 (0.56–0.81) | 0.62 (0.43–0.90) | 0.71 (0.60–0.85) |
| Multivariable-adjusted2 | 0.68 (0.56–0.82) | 0.70 (0.48–1.02) | 0.79 (0.66–0.95) |
Results are HR (95% CI) and n(%) where appropriate. n = 93,145.
Multivariable adjusted model includes: age, body mass index, smoking status, menopausal status, family history of diabetes, cancer and myocardial infarction, multivitamin supplement use, Aspirin use, race, type 2 diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, physical activity, caloric intake, alcohol consumption and the Alternative Health Eating Index (minus alcohol) score.
Total number of cancer mortalities: 887.
Total number of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortalities: 189.
Total number of mortalities from other causes: 818